低温煤焦油的制备液相分离及组分分析

摘要

利用制备液相技术对传统柱层析方法进行了改进,并采用正戊烷、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯/乙腈、甲醇四种溶剂作为流动相,实现了对霍林河褐煤650℃下热解产出煤焦油的不同组成的窄组分分离,利用GC-MS手段对各个分离组分进行了组成分析.结果表明,实验所用低温煤焦油以芳烃、含氧及含氮化合物为主要成分,含量分别为22.47%,31.19%和17.66%;还含有10%左右的杂多原子化合物及低于10%的烷烃和烯烃.同时各组分的组成表明,低温煤焦油的各个窄组分的分离原理是流动相按照化合物的极性及分子结构进行分组分离.%Silica-gel column chromatography was improved utilizing the preparative liquid chromatography technology with four mobile phases (n-pentane,dichloromethane,acetic ether/ethyl cyanide and methyl alcohol)to separate and quantify the group components in the low tem-perature coal tar (LTCT)derived from Huolinhe lignite prolysis at 650℃,and each eluted frac-tion was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS).Results show that the main components in LTCT include aromatics,oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing com-pounds,which account for 22.47%,31.19% and 17.66% of the total mass of the LTCT, respectively.The mass fraction of polyheteromatics is approximately 10% while both the con-tents of alkanes and alkenes are less than 10%.The results from the LTCT components demon-strate that the improved method shows desirable performance for the separation of group compo-nents in coal-based liquid according to their polarity and molecular structures.