为公共健康而规划——城市规划健康影响评估研究

摘要

作为一个既悠久又崭新的议题,如何通过城市规划促进公共健康已成为当前我国城市规划学界讨论的前沿问题之一.已有研究表明,城市规划与设计能够对人群健康产生潜在的影响,因此对城市规划决策和项目展开健康影响评估被认为是城市规划促进公共健康的重要途径.本文首先阐述城市规划影响和作用于人群健康的理论基础.然后,对城市规划健康影响评估的内涵、程序和工具进行论述.在此基础上,以美国北卡罗来纳州戴维森镇为例阐述运用城市规划健康影响评估推动当地社区健康发展和实现健康城市规划策略的探索经验.最后,结合我国公共健康面临的严峻挑战进一步指出未来展开城市规划健康影响评估工作的重要价值,并提出相应的政策建议.%As a long and new thing,how to promote public health through urban planning has become one of the frontier issues in China's planning academia.Studies have shown that the planning and design of a city can have a potential impact on the public health.Therefore,it is convinced that health impact assessment on urban planning decisions and projects is an important way to promote public health through urban planning.The paper firstly shows how urban planning influences public health theoretically.Then,it illustrates the concept,procedure,and tool of health impact assessment on urban planning.After that,it studies the experience of the town of Davidson in North Carolina in the US to show how to build healthy communities and develop the healthy urban planning strategies through the health impact assessment on urban planning.Finally,in view of the serious challenges in public health of China,the paper further points out the significance of health impact assessment on urban planning in the future and puts forward some recommendations.