以瞬间弹射蒸汽爆破（instant catapult steam explosion, ICSE）为基础，联用稀酸法、碱法、氨水法、有机溶剂法以及离子液体法进行预处理，对不同方法采用组分和酶解分析，以探索出一种绿色和高效的预处理方法。ICSE处理后的物料能够显著促进传统的化学预处理过程，其中ICSE与碱法联用预处理的糖收率最高，达到了77.54%，而ICSE与离子液体联用预处理后糖收率比单纯使用离子液体提高了7.78倍，达到了60.04%。选取ICSE与离子液体联用预处理过程作为最优预处理方法，并对其采用傅里叶-红外光谱、X射线晶体衍射和扫描电镜进行表征，经 ICSE 处理后玉米秸秆变得蓬松且不完整，半纤维素组分减少，促进离子液体对于纤维素的溶解；而与离子液体联用预处理后，物料纤维素和木质素相应官能团吸收峰增强，纤维素结晶构型由纤维素-Ⅰ型转变为纤维素-Ⅱ型，结晶指数降低。%Combining with instant catapult steam explosion (ICSE), corn stalk was pretreated by different chemical methods, including dilute acid, sodium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, organic solvent, and ionic liquid. In order to obtain a green and highly efficient process, materials were analyzed by components and enzymatic hydrolysis analysis. ICSE could significantly prompt the effects of chemical methods on lignocellulose pretreatment. Among these approaches, ICSE combined with sodium hydroxide had the highest glucose yield 77.54%. Meanwhile, compared with the solo ionic liquid pretreated method, ICSE combined with ionic liquid pretreatment increased glucose yield by 7.78 folds, reaching 60.04%. Considering the requirements of efficiency, green process and low energy cost on pretreatment, the method of ICSE plus ionic liquid was selected as the optimal method and materials then were analyzed with Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyze its mechanism. The materials treated by ICSE were porous, unconsolidated, low hemicellulose content and inclined to be dissolved by ionic liquid. When ICSE was combined with ionic liquid pretreatment, lignocellulosic cellulose components were transformed from cellulose-Ⅰ to cellulose-Ⅱ with the lowest crystallinity index.
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