Objective To investigate the infection status of nanobacteria on patients with upper urinary calculi and healthy sub-jects ,and analyze the role of nanobacteria in the formation of upper urinary calculi .Methods The serum ,urine and calculus of 42 patients with upper urinary calculi were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by bacteria cultivation with 10% γ-FBS and PMBI 1640 .The resulting PCR products were sequenced for further comparison with the reported sequence in gene bank . The serum and urine from 30 healthy adults were used as controls .Results After 4 to 6 weeks′culture ,the white or yellow precipi-tate was visible at the bottom of the tube .The positive rate of PCR was 90 .4% in calculous patients urine and 6 .7% in healthy a-dults urine ,as the positive was 92 .8% and 6 .7% in serum .which there is significant difference (P<0 .01) .The positive rate of the nanabactria in urinary calculi was 95 .2% .The coincidence rate was 98 .72% between the PCR products and the reported sequence in gene bank .Conclusion Nanobacteria are widely existed in the serum ,urine and calculus of the patients with upper urinary calcu-li ,this indicate that the nanobacteria might be have the most important influence on the formation process of urinary calculi .%目的：检测上尿路结石患者与健康者的血清、尿液里纳米细菌和尿路结石标本里的纳米细菌感染情况，分析纳米细菌在尿路结石形成中的作用。方法对30例健康者和42例上尿路结石患者的血清、尿液标本以及后者的结石标本处理后用含10％热灭活γ-胎牛血清（γ-FBS）的 PMBI 1640培养基行纳米细菌培养，观察其生长情况，并对培养后的标本行聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测，PCR产物通过测序与原序列比对进一步分析。结果培养4～6周后，部分培养管底出现肉眼可见的白色（或黄色）絮状物或沉淀物。PCR检测结石患者与健康者的血清纳米细菌阳性率分别为90．4％和6．7％，尿液中二者的纳米细菌阳性率分别为92．8％和6．7％，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。纳米细菌在上尿路结石中的阳性率为95．2％。碱基测序结果与原序列比对，吻合率高达98．72％。结论纳米细菌广泛存在于上尿路结石患者的血清、尿液与结石中，提示纳米细菌可能是上尿路结石形成的重要因素。
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