人类血小板抗原基因在广西地区主要民族中的多态性差异

摘要

Objective To explore the difference of expression of human platelet antigen gene system in the main ethnics of Guan-gxi province .Methods The genotypes of HPA-1-17bw system were performed by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-spe-cific primer(PCR-SSP) for each 100 healthy individuals whose ancestors in three generations were the same nationality of Zhuang , Yao ,Miao ,Dong and Han ethnic ,then calculated the mismatch rates and polymorphism of each HPA system ,and compare the gene frequency of HPA systems between the five ethnics .Results Genotype a was the main type of HPA-1-17 in five ethnics .The mis-match rates of HPA-3 and HPA-5 in five ethnics were greater than 30% ,while the mismatch rate of HPA-2 in Miao ethnic was greater than 10% .In the comparison of gene frequencies of HPA system between five ethnics ,the heterozygous degree of HPA-2 was greater in Miao than in other ethnics ,but significant differences were only found between Miao and Zhuang (χ2 =8 .580 ,P=0 .009) .The heterozygous degree of HPA-3 was significantly greater in Zhuang than in Yao or Han (χ2 =12 .242 ,P=0 .002 ;χ2 =7 .640 ,P=0 .022) .The heterozygous degree of HPA-15 in five ethnics was significant different(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The poly-morphism of HPA gene is significant different between Zhuang ,Yao ,Miao ,Dong and Han ethnics in Guangxi .The highest hetero-zygous are HPA-3 and HPA-15 system ,while HPA-2 in Miao ethnic may have great significances ,which should be paid attention in clinical platelet transfusion .%目的：研究广西地区壮族、瑶族、苗族、侗族和汉族健康人群中人类血小板抗原 HPA-1～17bw 系统基因多态性的差异。方法选取祖上3代均为同民族的壮族、瑶族、苗族、侗族和同地区汉族的健康个体各100例，采用聚合酶链式反应-序列特异性引物（PCR-SSP）方法检测上述各民族个体的HPA-1～17bw系统基因，计算HPA各系统的不配合率和基因多态性，并比较5个民族间HPA系统的基因频率。结果基因型a是5个民族HPA-1～17的主要型别，而5个民族的HPA-3和HPA-15的不配合率均大于30％，H PA-2在苗族中的不配合率大于10％。比较5个民族血小板系统的基因频率，发现 H PA-2苗族的杂合程度较其他4个民族高，但只与壮族的比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝8．580，P＝0．009）；壮族HPA-3的杂合程度高于瑶族和汉族，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝12．242，P＝0．002；χ2＝7．640，P＝0．022）；各民族间的 H PA-15的杂合程度存在较大的差异（ P＜0．05）。结论广西地区壮族、瑶族、苗族、侗族和汉族HPA基因多态性分布存在明显的种族差异，HPA-3和 HPA-15系统杂合度最高，而H PA-2在苗族中可能具有较大意义，在临床血小板输注中应加以重视。