三甲医院门诊注射室预防感染的护理干预

摘要

Objective To explore current situation of hospital outpatient injection room infection and to discusse relevant countermeasures of infection control .Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 245 patients admitted and got infected in our hospital outpatient department injection room from October 2012‐to October 2013 .By analyzing its infection type ,treatment time ,age ,etc .,and in winter and items ,air ,medical staff hand in spring and summer and fall of hospital respectively we understand the hospital infection and the seasonal relationship ,the related factors of hospital infection ,and develop targeted and effective inter‐vention measures .Results The outpatient injection room infection were mainly occurred in respiratory system and digestive sys‐tem ,the occurrence rates were 54 .29% (133/245) ,25 .31% (62/245) ,respectively .The infection rate of treatment time> 7 d (2 .74% ) apparently higher than < 7 d (1 .09% ) (χ2 = 56 .246 ,P= 0 .000) .The infection rate of people whose age over 40 (1 .91% )apparently higher than age < 40 (1 .13% ) (χ2 = 12 .316 ,P= 0 .000) .The qualified rate of atmosphere in Winter and Spring (68 .46% ) was significantly lower than summer and autumn (89 .23% ) (P<0 .05) ,the qualified rates of surfaces and hands of medical staffs (84 .62% ,82 .31% ) were significantly higher than summer and autumn(63 .08% ,66 .15% ) .Conclusion The out‐patient injection room infections were related to a variety of factors ,we could carry on the comprehensive analysis and formulate specific interventions to reduce hospital infection .%目的：探讨医院门诊注射室感染的现状，并提出控制感染的相关对策。方法回顾性分析2012年10月至2013年10月在海南省人民医院门诊注射室进行治疗并发生感染的245例患者为研究对象，通过分析其感染类型、治疗时间、年龄等特点，并于冬春和夏秋季节分别对医院物品、空气、医务人员手进行检测以了解医院感染和季节关系，分析医院感染的相关因素，并制订针对性、有效性的干预措施。结果门诊注射室感染主要为呼吸系统感染、消化系统感染，发生率分别为：54．29％（133／245）、25．31％（62／245）。治疗时间＞7 d组的感染率（2．74％）明显高于＜7 d组（1．09％），差异有统计学意义（χ2＝56．246，P＝0．000）。＞40岁组的感染发生率（1．91％）高于＜40岁组（1．13％），差异有统计学意义（χ2＝12．316，P＝0．000）。冬春季节空气合格率（68．46％）明显低于夏秋季节（89．23％），差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）；而物品表面、医务人员手合格率（84．62％、82．31％）显著高于夏秋季（63．08％、66．15％），差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论医院门诊注射室感染发生和多种因素有关，对其进行全面分析并制定针对性干预措施是降低医院感染的重要途径。