蔬菜水果摄入量对我国成人高血压发病率影响的队列研究

摘要

目的 旨在我国华北地区成人中探讨膳食结构中蔬菜水果摄入量和高血压发病率的关系.方法 采用前瞻性队列研究设计,于2012年4至6月在河北省唐山市开滦社区和北京市京煤社区抽取10 635人(男5 864人)作为观察队列,平均随访47.2个月后,比较蔬果摄入量不同的人群的高血压发病率的差异,并采用Cox回归分析蔬菜和水果摄入量对成人高血压发病率的影响.结果 共有10 104人完成随访(95.0%).随访期间,共有新发高血压患者576人,按蔬果摄入量分为小于或等于2.0份/天,>2.0~<4.1份/天,4.1~<5.0份/天,≥5.0份/天的各组,高血压新发病率分比为6.2%、6.0%、5.1%、4.6%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).与蔬菜和(或)水果摄入量最少的人群相比,增加蔬菜水果摄入量能显著降低该地区人群的高血压发病率,单纯增加蔬菜、水果,以及增加蔬菜水果总摄入量对降低高血压风险所能达到的最大危险比(HR)及95%CI分别为0.62(0.46~0.83),0.87(0.78~0.97) 和 0.69(0.54~0.80) (P<0.05).结论 在我国华北地区成人增加蔬菜水果的摄入量能显著降低高血压的发病率.%Objective To investigate the potential effects of vegetables and fruits (F&V) consumption on the prevention of hypertension in Chinese population of North China.Methods A cohort of 10 635 cases were established in Kailuan community in Tangshan city and Jingmei community in Beijing city in July 2012.After a mean follow-up time of 47.2 month,the potential effects of different amounts of vegetables,fruits and F&V consumption on the new incidence of hypertension were studied and compared with univariant by multivariant Cox regression method.Results A total of 10 104 completed the follow-up survey and 576 cases of new hypertension were recorded.The incidence of hypertension in participants with ≤2,>2.0-<4.1-<5.0,≥5.0 serving F&V per day was 6.2%,6.0%,5.1% and 4.6%,respectively.With comparison to those participants consuming the lowest amount of vegetables,fruits and F&V,the hazard ratio for reducing the risk of hypertension and the 95% confidence intervals were 0.62 (0.46-0.83),0.87(0.78-0.97) and 0.69(0.54-0.80) for separate vegetables and fruits and total F&V(P<0.05).Conclusion Increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruits can significantly bring down the incidence of hypertension in North China populations.