大学生健康素养的影响因素及基于移动终端的健康教育需求分析

摘要

目的 了解大学生健康素养状况、影响因素及基于移动终端开展健康教育的需求,为大学生健康素养促进计划的制订和实施提供新思路.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取南京市高校的1949名学生,采用“健康素养快速评估系统”及“基于移动终端的健康教育需求调查问卷”进行调查,通过单因素分析和有序多分类Logistic回归分析大学生健康素养的影响因素.结果 大学生高健康素养者占31.3％,边际健康素养者占48.9％,低健康素养者占19.8％;健康知识、健康行为、健康技能及健康状况各维度高健康素养者所占比例分别为57.9％、18.3％、61.0％、44.5％.有序多分类Logistic回归分析显示影响大学生健康素养的主要因素是性别、母亲学历、专业、年级、选修健康教育课程.81.2％的大学生想了解或迫切想了解健康素养知识,大学生获取健康知识的主要途径为网络(83.8％),91.8％的愿意利用移动终端学习健康知识,55.1％的关注了与健康相关的微信服务号,87.1％的认为微信适用于健康知识的学习,81.3％的愿意利用微信平台学习健康知识,73.8％的希望微信推送以文字结合图片和视频形式的健康知识,建议每周推送健康知识的频率以1～3次为宜.结论 大学生整体健康素养处于边际水平,健康行为素养最为缺乏,对基于移动终端的健康教育有较强需求.大学生健康素养干预应充分应用新媒体平台的优势,并重点关注男性、母亲学历低、非医学专业、低年级及未选修健康教育课程的群体.%Objective To understand the health literacy status,influencing factors and demand carrying out the health education based on the mobile terminal among college students to provide a new idea for formulating and implementing the health literacy promotion plan for university students.Methods The multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to extract 1 949 students from partial universities in Nanjing City and conduct the investigation by adopting the Rapid Estimate System of Health Literacy and Health Education Demand Based on the Mobile Terminal Questionnaire of College Students.The influence factors were analyzed by using the univariate analysis and ordinal multi-classification Logistic regression analy sis.Results The university students with high,marginal and low health literacy level accounted for 31.3％,48.9％ and 19.8％ respectively.The proportions of the students with high health literacy in the four dimensions,including health knowledge,health behaviors,health skill and health status,were 57.9％,18.3％,61.0％ and 44.5％ respectively.The ordinal multi-classification Logistic regression analysis showed that the major influence factors affecting the health literacy of university students were gender,education background of mothers,majors,grades,electively taking the health education course.81.2 ％ of university students wanted to or urgently wanted to understand the health literacy knowledge.The main route getting the health literacy knowledge by the university students was network(83.8％).91.8％ of students were willing to learn the health literacy knowledge through mobile terminal.87.1％ of students believed that the WeChat was suitable to learn the health knowledge,81.3％ of students hoped to use the WeChat platform for learning the health knowledge,73.8％ of students hoped the Wechat to push the health knowledge with the modes of words combined with images and video.It was recommended that the health knowledge pushing for 1-3 times per week was suitable.Conclusion The health literacy of university students is at the marginal level.The health behaviors literacy is most lacking and the demand for the health education based on the mobile terminal is stronger.The health literacy intervention of university students should sufficiently apply the new media platform superiority and the emphasis should be placed on the populations of males,low education background mothers,non-medicine major,low grade and without electively taking the health education course.