生物质炭对植烟土壤质量及烤烟生长的影响

摘要

Based on the local fertilization practice, by adding different proportions of biochar (2.25, 4.50 t/hm2), a field experiment was designed to study the potential effect of biochar application on tobacco-planting soil quality and flue-cured tobacco growth. The results indicated that the application of biochar influenced the physical and chemical properties of the tobacco-planting soil,,especially the topsoil (0-10 cm). In the 0-10 cm layer, compared with the control, application of biochar increased the soil field capacity, soil porosity, pH, organic matter and the content of soil CEC. Meanwhile, biochar application improved the contents of soil NO3--N, available phosphorous and available potassium and reduced the soil bulk density and soil NH4+-N content. The high biochar treatment showed more significant effects. In the process of flue-cured tobacco growth, adding biochar could promote the absorption of potassium, while reduce the absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen and decrease dry matter accumulation of tobacco after topping. At 90 days after transplanting, compared with the control, root dry weight significantly decreased by 5.58%, 7.05% at 2.25 and 4.50 t/hm2 biochar application levels respectively. Dry mass of stems and leaves were not significantly different between the control and the biochar treatments.%采用大田试验,在当地习惯施肥的基础上,添加不同比例的生物质炭(2.25、4.50 t/hm2),探讨了生物质炭对植烟土壤理化性质及烤烟生长的影响.结果表明,施加生物质炭影响了植烟土壤的理化性质,主要体现在0~10 cm土层.与对照相比,生物质炭处理提高了0~10 cm土层土壤田间持水量、总孔隙度、土壤pH、有机质和土壤CEC,同时还提高了土壤硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量,降低了土壤容重及铵态氮的含量,且高施炭量的处理效果显著.生物质炭能促进烤烟生长过程中对钾元素的吸收,降低打顶后烤烟磷、氮元素的吸收及干物质的积累.与CK相比,移栽后90天,根干物质量在2.25和4.50 t/hm2水平下分别下降了5.58%和7.50%,茎和叶的干物质量虽有所下降,但各处理间差异不显著.