某部队官兵个体噪声暴露水平的测量与分析

摘要

目的：调查某坑道施工部队作业官兵的个体噪声暴露水平及超标人群工种的分布。方法按照部队施工情况，将官兵分为9个工种，使用个人声暴露计分别测量该部队官兵8小时等效声级（LAeq.8h），按照《军事作业噪声容许限值及测量》（GJB 50A-2011）标准评价官兵噪声暴露水平是否超标。结果此坑道官兵的LAeq.8h波动在76.5～109.2 dB(A)，平均值88.90 dB(A)，其中台车操作手、破碎机操作手、强噪声工（暴露于各种机械噪声）、卡车操作手、装载机操作手、挖掘机操作手、喷杆工、装料工、弱噪声工（不常暴露于各种机械噪声环境）的LAeq.8h的平均值分别为103.37、88.97、91.00、85.45、90.32、89.72、86.53、81.60、83.10 dB(A)。结论除了弱噪声、装料人员，其他工种均已超过军事作业噪声容许限值85 dB(A)。在此坑道施工的官兵应加强噪声防护，以避免噪声性耳聋发生。%Objective To investigate the personal noise exposure level of the soldiers in a military tunnel and the distribution of populations with excessive noise exposure.Methods The soldiers were divided into 9 types according to the construction conditions. The equivalent sound pressure level of 8h (LAeq.8h) of each soldier in this troop was measured with personal noise dosimeters. The results were evaluated according to “Permissible Limit and Measurement for Military Operation Noise ” (GJB 50A-2011).Results The range of LAeq.8h in this troop was 76.5 ~ 109.2 dB (A) and the average was 88.90 dB (A). The average LAeq.8h of the trolley drivers, crusher operators, strong noise workers (often exposed to mechanical noise) , truck drivers, loader drivers, excavator drivers, rod spray workers, loading staff and weak noise workers (seldom exposed to mechanical noise) were 103.37, 88.97, 91.00, 85.45, 90.32, 89.72, 86.53, 81.60 and 83.10 dB (A) respectively. Conclusion Except the weak noise workers and loading staff, the personal noise exposure level of the other types of soldiers exceeded 85 dB (A). It suggested that the soldiers in this military tunnel troop should strengthen the hearing protection to avoid the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss.