1～3岁听障儿童与健听儿童语言发展对比研究

摘要

目的 探讨康复训练初期听障儿童的语言发育特征.方法 采用《早期语言发育进程量表》对46名1～3岁听障儿童进行评估,其语言发育评估结果与常模进行比较.结果 1～3岁听障儿童在语言评估总分、语言表达、听觉理解得分均显著低于同龄健听儿童(P＜0.01),其中训练时长为6个月内及7～12个月听障儿童的语言评估总分及语言表达得分显著高于同听觉年龄健听儿童(P＜0.01).训练时长7～12个月听障儿童听觉理解与表达得分显著高于同听觉年龄健听儿童(P＜0.01).训练时长6个月以下及7～12个月听障儿童的视觉理解与表达分数显著低于同龄健听儿童(P＜0.05),显著高于同听觉年龄健听儿童(P＜0.01).结论 接受早期干预的1～3岁听障幼儿在语言表达及听觉理解发展方面高于同听觉年龄健听儿童但低于同龄健听儿童.经过13个月及以上康复训练的听障儿童在视觉理解与表达方面可达到健听儿童水平.%Objective To explore the language development characteristics of hearing-impaired children in the early stages of rehabilitation training.Methods The Early Language Milestone Scale was used to assess language development of 46 hearing-impaired children who were 1-3 years old.The test scores were compared to the norm.Results 1-3 years old hearing impaired children were significantly lower than normal-hearing children of the same age in total scores,expressive language development scores and receptive language development scores.The total scores and language expression scores of hearing-impaired children within the training time of 6 months and 7 to 12 months were significantly higher (P＜0.01)than the norm scores of the normal-hearing children with same hearing age.The receptive language development scores of hearing-impaired children within the training time of 7 to 12 months were significantly higher (P＜0.01) than the norm scores of the normal-hearing children with same hearing age.The visual comprehension and expression scores of hearing-impaired children within the training time of 6 months and 7 to 12 months were significantly lower (P＜0.01) than the norm scores of normal-hearing children with same age and higher (p＜.01) than norm scores of the normal-hearing children with same hearing age.Conclusion The Expressive language development and receptive language development of 1-3 years old hearing-impaired children were above hearing children with the same hearing age,but below hearing children with the same age.Hearing impaired children who have been trained for 13 months or more can reach the development levels of hearing children in visual comprehension and expression.