Department of Anesthesiology;
Fuwai Hospital;
National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases;
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College;
Beijing 100037;
China;
Department of Vascular Surgery;
Fuwai Hospital;
National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases;
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College;
Beijing 100037;
China;
Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery;
Fuwai Hospital;
National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases;
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College;
Beijing 100037;
China;
Department of Orthopaedics;
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants;
Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital;
Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine;
Shanghai 200011;
China;
penehyclidine hydrochloride; post-operative cognitive dysfunction; post-operative delirium; meta-analysis;