Induced pluripotent stem(iPS) cells were originally generated from mouse fibroblasts by enforced expression of Yamanaka factors(Oct3/4,Sox2,Klf4,and c-Myc).The technique was quickly reproduced with human fibroblasts or mesenchymal stem cells.Although having been showed therapeutic potential in animal models of sickle cell anemia and Parkinson's disease,iPS cells generated by viral methods do not suit all the clinical applications.Various non-viral methods have appeared in recent years for application of iPS cells in cell transplantation therapy.These methods mainly include DNA vector-based approaches,transfection of mRNA,and transduction of reprogramming proteins.This review summarized these non-viral methods and compare the advantages,disadvantages,efficiency,and safety of these methods.
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