Objective To design an air-cushioned belt for skin traction of lower extremities to reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pressure ulcers in patients with lower limb fractures. Methods The belt was composed of upper and lower leggings.The legging had an air cushion at its interior surface,and the air cushion consisted of several chambers.There was a connecting tube between every two chambers, and each tube was equipped with a pressure non-return valve. The chamber on the top of the cushion had a charging mechanism for inflation.Totally 100 patients from June to December 2016 were selected and divided equally into an experiment group and a control group.The experiment group used the developed air-cushioned belt,and the control group applied the traditional one.The incidence rates of deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs were compared in the two groups,and χ2test was carried out on the results.Results There were no cases of pressure ulcers and deep venous thromboses of lower limbs occurred in the experiment group,while 5 cases of deep venous thromboses of lower limbs and 4 cases of pressure ulcer happened in the control group,and there were significant differences between the incidence rates in the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The air-cushioned belt has easy operation,relieves the patients'pains and the nurses'workload when used to prevent deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs and pressure ulcer,and thus is worthy promoting clinically.%目的:设计气垫式下肢皮肤牵引带,以降低下肢骨折患者深静脉血栓、压疮的发生率.方法:气垫式下肢皮肤牵引带由上腿套和下腿套2个部分组成.上腿套和下腿套的内表面分别设有一气垫体装置,气垫体装置由若干个气囊组成,每个气囊之间由一连接管连通,每个连接管上设有一压力单向阀.气垫体装置最上端的气囊上还设有一用于充入气体的充气装置,可实现自由充气加压处理.将设计好的气垫式下肢皮肤牵引带应用于临床,选取2016年6—12月行下肢皮肤牵引的100例患者,分为实验组和对照组,每组各50例.实验组采用气垫式下肢皮肤牵引带,对照组采用传统下肢皮肤牵引带,观察2组患者下肢深静脉栓塞、压疮的发生率,并进行χ2检验.结果:实验组0例压疮、0例下肢深静脉栓塞,对照组5例压疮、4例下肢深静脉栓塞,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:气垫式下肢皮肤牵引带操作简单易行,在预防深静脉栓塞、压疮的发生方面效果显著,可减轻患者的痛苦和减少护理工作量,值得在临床推广应用.
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