“俗则屏之,嘉则收之”:论中国传统园林的声音美营造智慧

摘要

This paper presents a series of research results on wisdom to achieve acoustical beauty in Chinese classical garden,including the noise reduction,soundscape construction and the design with an artistic conception of tranquility.It shows that,Chinese classic garden effectively integrates the noise reduction into its scenic planning (screening the ungraceful),and uses rockery,water,vegetation,animal and architecture to bring beautiful sounds into the garden (gathering the graceful),with the help of artistic rules,various expectative poetic imageries are transformed into tangible soundscape,as well as the philosophical contemplation of "tranquility" of Chinese culture infiltrated into the landscape artistic design,hence the unique artistic conception of tranquility is achieved,and the gap between soundscape construction and the quiet environment in physical acoustic view is bridged as well.%立足中国传统造园理论,就其整体景观意匠中蕴含的声音美营造智慧进行解析,主要内容包括:1)园林院落空间的隔声降噪功能“屏俗”;2)“掇山理水”“莳花艺树”“动物点缀”和“建筑经营”的声音美营造意匠“收嘉”.结合中国传统“静”之哲学美学思考,揭示了中国园林艺术境界之生命颐养特征,由此阐明了园林声音与静谧的内在统一关系.中国园林通过“俗则屏之,嘉则收之”的整体景观意匠,将生命的颐养目标落实到了园林的境界营造,由此统一了声音与各种有形、无形构景要素的营造过程.不但跨越了物理学安静与声音美营造的二律背反,还实现了园林降噪、声音美营造乃至静谧境界经营的整体把握,其中蕴含的营造智慧对当前声环境面临的瓶颈问题解决具有积极启示.