Objective To evaluate regenerative nerve and functional recovery of target muscle in rats with sciatic nerve defect bridged by acellular nerve allograft made through chemical extraction.Methods Sciatic nerve of SD rats was processed in a volume fraction of 3％ Triton X-lO0 solution and 40 g/L sodium deoxycholate solution.Morphology of myelin sheath,axons and basal lamina tubes of sciatic nerve segments was observed under the light microscopy before and after the chemical processing.Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into acellular nerve allograft group (n =10),autograft group (n =10) and normal control group(n =5) according to the random number table.A 1 cm sciatic nerve defect was created in acellular nerve allograft group and autograft group,and was respectively bridged by acellular nerve allograft and autograft.Sciatic nerve function index (SFI) was measured every two weeks.Twelve weeks after surgery,nerve conduction velocity (NCV),recovery rate of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and recovery rate of muscle force were measured in each group.Results Cellular components including myelin sheath and axons were removed thoroughly,but the basal lamina tubes were preserved completely.At postoperative 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks,SFI in normal control group (-1.7±5.9,-0.3 ±2.5,0.8 ±4.1,-1.4±3.6,-2.5 ±5.7 and-2.1±3.2) was superior over autograft group (-94.3±3.7,-90.1±4.1,-63.7±7.8,-51.9±8.2,-48.8±8.6 and -44.3 ± 10.5) and acellular nerve allograft group (-97.1 ± 5.3,-91.2 ± 6.1,-70.6 ± 5.5,-60.4±6.2,-58.2 ±10.2 and-56.4 ±8.0) (P ＜0.01).At postoperative 6,8,10 and 12 weeks,SFI in autograft group were better than those in acellular nerve allograft group (P ＜0.05).NCV [(61.6 ± 8.1) m/s],recovery rate of CMAP[(98.7 ± 5.9) ％] and recovery rate of muscle force [(101.8 ± 6.6) ％] in normal control group were higher than those in acellular nerve allograft group [(22.3 ± 4.7) m/s,(40.3 ± 9.2) ％ and (43.8 ± 9.3) ％] and those in autograft group [(29.0 ±5.5) m/s,(52.5 ± 10.6) ％ and (54.3 ± 10.5) ％] (P ＜ 0.01).NCV,recovery rate of CMAP and recovery rate of muscle force in autograft group were better than those in acellular nerve allograft group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Acellular nerve segments are harvested satisfactorily by chemical extraction.Sciatic nerve defect in rats can be cured with the acellular nerve allograft,but the repair effect of autograft is relatively better.%目的 用化学方法制备大鼠去细胞神经,异体移植修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损,评价再生神经和靶肌肉功能重建的效果. 方法 将SD大鼠坐骨神经用体积分数3％ Triton X-100溶液和40 g/L脱氧胆酸钠溶液进行处理.光镜下对比观察坐骨神经化学处理前后轴突、髓鞘和膜管结构的组织学变化.将25只Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法分为去细胞神经移植组(10只)、自体神经移植组(10只)和正常对照组(5只).去细胞神经移植组和自体神经移植组切除1 cm坐骨神经干,两组分别用去细胞神经和自体神经桥接修复坐骨神经缺损.术后每2周测量各组坐骨神经功能指数(SFI),术后12周测量各组神经传导速度(NCV)、胫骨前肌复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)恢复率和肌力恢复率. 结果 去细胞神经的髓鞘及轴突清除彻底,神经膜管结构保存完整.正常对照组术后2,4,6,8,10,12周SFI(-1.7 ±5.9,-0.3±2.5,0.8±4.1,-1.4±3.6,-2.5 ±5.7,-2.1±3.2)明显优于自体神经移植组(-94.3±3.7,-90.1 ±4.1,-63.7 ±7.8,-51.9 ±8.2,-48.8±8.6,-44.3 ±10.5)和去细胞神经移植组(-97.1 ±5.3,-91.2±6.1,-70.6±5.5,-60.4±6.2,-58.2 ±10.2,-56.4 ±8.0)(P＜0.01).自体神经移植组术后6,8,10,12周SFI优于去细胞神经移植组(P＜0.05).正常对照组NCV[(61.6 ±8.1)m/s]、CMAP恢复率[(98.7±5.9)％]和肌力恢复率[(101.8±6.6)％]均明显高于去细胞神经移植组[(22.3±4.7) m/s、(40.3±9.2)％、(43.8±9.3)％]和自体神经移植组[(29.O±5.5)n/s、(52.5±10.6)％、(54.3±10.5)％](P＜0.01).自体神经移植组NCV、CMAP恢复率和肌力恢复率高于去细胞神经移植组(P＜0.05). 结论 运用化学法可以获得理想的去细胞神经,用去细胞神经异体移植可以修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损,但自体神经移植修复的效果优于去细胞神经.
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