经皮椎弓根螺钉置入内固定结合硫酸钙人工骨治疗单一椎体胸腰椎骨折:3个月随访

摘要

背景:近年来国内外学者将经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定用于修复胸腰椎骨折,取得了良好的临床疗效.可注射硫酸钙的生物兼容性好,在机体中易于吸收降解,而且其固化速度快.目的:探讨经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定结合可硫酸钙骨水泥治疗单一椎体胸腰椎骨折的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析获得完整随访资料的40例单一椎体胸腰椎骨折不伴有神经损伤患者,所有骨折椎体压缩＞30％,伤椎至少有一侧椎弓根完整.均采用经皮椎弓根螺钉置入内固定结合硫酸钙人工骨治疗.详细记录术前、术后3个月及术后末次随访时患者腰腿痛目测类比评分和ODI:并进行X射线片检查,测量伤椎椎体前缘高度百分比及矢状位脊柱局部后凸Cobb角度;另外记录患者对手术的主观满意度(分为优、良、中、差4级)及术后骨折愈合率.结果与结论:①术后3个月、末次随访患者ODI分别为16.3％,4.4％;②与术前相比,术后3个月随访时,本组患者的伤椎局部后凸Cobb角及疼痛目测类比评分均减小,伤椎前缘高度百分比增加,差异有显著性意义(P＜ 0.01);③末次随访患者骨折愈合率为95％,2例患者末次随访时骨折未愈合,患者对手术主观满意度的优良率为95％;④与术后3个月比较,末次随访患者胸腰椎局部矢状位Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度均有丢失,但差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),与术前相比均显著改善(P＜0.01);⑤结果表明,在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下,经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定结合硫酸钙治疗单一椎体胸腰椎骨折安全可靠,可恢复伤椎前缘高度,减轻疼痛,远期疗效满意,注入硫酸钙可获得较高的骨折愈合率.%BACKGROUND:Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation has been applied in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture,and has achieved satisfactory clinical efficacy.Injectable calcium sulfate holds good biocompatibility,degradability and fast curing.OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical efficacy of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with calcium sulfate cement for single-level thoracolumbar fracture.METHODS:Clinical data of 40 patients with single-level thoracolumbar fracture without nerve injury were analyzed retrospectively.All fractured vertebrae were compressed more than 30％ and at least one pedicle was complete.All patients were treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with calcium sulfate cement.The Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores were recorded at baseline,3 months postoperatively and last follow-up;the height of the fractured vertebra body and sagittal Cobb angle were measured on X-ray;the patient's satisfaction and healing rate were recorded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The Oswestry Disability Index at 3 months postoperatively and last follow-up was 16.3％ and 4.4％,respectively.Compared with baseline,the Cobb angle and Visual Analog Scale scores were significantly reduced,and height of the fractured vertebra body was significantly increased after surgery (P ＜ 0.01).(3) The healing rate at last follow-up was 95％,nonunion was not found,and the patients' satisfaction reached 95％.(4) The loss of vertebral height and Cobb angle was found at last follow-up compared with 3 months postoperatively,but had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).(5) These results indicate that percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with calcium sulfate cement is safe and reliable for single-level thoraclumbar fracture,which not only restores the vertebral height and relieves pain,but also has satisfactory long-term curative efficacy and high healing rate.