哈尔滨市3～6岁孤独症儿童乳牙患龋状况调查

摘要

目的 探讨3～6岁孤独症儿童乳牙患龋状况及其相关因素,以期为孤独症儿童的龋病防治提供参考.方法 采用整群抽样的方法抽取哈尔滨市3个城区3～6岁孤独症儿童进行问卷调查和口腔检查,问卷调查包括一般人口学特征、饮食习惯、口腔保健意识和行为等方面内容,问卷由儿童家长填写,专人发放与回收；口腔检查采用儿童龋补牙数作为评价儿童乳牙龋病的指标.对检查结果进行统计学分析.结果 共调查孤独症儿童93例(男81例,女12例),患龋率为59％( 55/93),龋均为3.245.随年龄增长,儿童患龋率增加.分析结果显示:母亲龋齿、每天喝甜饮料量、吃甜食频率、睡前吃零食是孤独症儿童龋齿的危险因素；饭后漱口、谁给孩子刷牙、每日刷牙次数、父母文化程度是孤独症儿童龋齿的保护因素.结论 遗传因素、不良饮食习惯及口腔卫生习惯对龋病的发生发展有一定影响,孤独症儿童乳牙龋病及口腔卫生状况的改善有待于家长及医护人员的配合和努力.%Objective To investigate the caries of deciduous teeth in autistic children aged of 3-6 years and its related factors.Methods The 3-6 years-old autistic children from 3 urban areas of Harbin City was investigated by using the cluster sampling method.The investigation included questionnaire and oral examination.Results The data from 93 autistic children (81 boys,12 girls)were analyzed.The caries prevalence rate of 3-6 years old autistic children was 59％ (55/93),and the mean decayed and filled teeth was 3.245.The caries prevalence rate increased with age.The results showed that the risk factors for deciduous teeth caries included parental caries,the drinking volume of sweet-drinks each day,frequency of sugar consumption and eating snacks before sleep.The protective factors for the caries included gargling after meals,who brushed teeth for children,daily frequency of brushing teeth and parents' cultural degree.Conclusions Genetic factor,unhealthy eating habits and oral hygiene condition have certain influence on the occurrence and development of caries disease.The prevention for autistic children deciduous teeth caries and improvement of oral health status need the cooperation and efforts from the parents and paramedics.