视觉搜索任务训练对运动员压力下的注意偏向及应激反应的影响

摘要

Objective To explore the influence of visual searching training on attentional bias and stress response of athletes,in order to make guidance for their attention training before competition.Method Thirty-two athletes were given the visual searching training once every two days for 4 weeks.Before and after the training,the attention behavior of athletes was evaluated using the dot-probe task,and the stress response in stressful condition was evaluated using the rating of perceived exertion and heart rate variability(HRV).Result After the visual searching training,less stress,anxiety level and attention to negative information were observed in the stressful condition.Moreover,a decrease was also found in the ratio between low frequency and high frequency,and the low frequency normalized of HRV,while an increase was found in the high frequency normalized.Conclusion Visual searching training can lower the stress response and negative attentional bias for athletes in stressful condition.%目的:探讨视觉搜索任务训练对运动员压力情景下的注意偏向及应激反应的影响,为赛前进行针对性的注意训练提供方法和依据.方法:采用视觉搜索任务对32名运动员进行四周(每两天一次)的注意训练,使用点探测任务对训练前、后压力情景下的注意行为进行测试,使用主观感受和心率变异性(HRV)对训练前、后压力情景下的应激反应进行测试.结果:视觉搜索任务训练后压力情景下运动员对负性信息的注意偏向降低,压力感受和状态焦虑降低,HRV的低频/高频比值(LF/HF)和归一化低频(LF-norm)降低、归一化高频(HFnorm)升高.结论:视觉搜索任务训练能够降低运动员压力下的负性注意偏向,减轻其应激反应.