10000米耐力跑对腰椎稳定肌预期与补偿姿势调节的影响

摘要

Objective To explore the effect of acute endurance exercise on the balance control,maximum contraction of the back extensor and the anticipatory postural adjustments(APAs) and compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs) of the lumbar vertebra.Methods Seventeen male students from a police college participated in this study voluntarily.Three tests were performed right before and after the 10000 meters run:the single foot standing test with eyes closed,maximum contraction test of the back extensor and arm-rising test.The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the back extensor and the time of standing with eyes closed were collected.The sEMG activities of lumbar erector spinae(LES) and Lumbar multifidus(LMF) as lumbar stable muscles were recorded.The pre-activation time and integrated EMG of APAs and CPAs were calculated.Results Before and after the 10000 meters run,no significant difference was observed in MVC,but the time of single foot standing decreased significantly.On the condition of the internal postural perturbation,the LES was activated significantly earlier and the APAs IEMG of LMF decreased significantly after the run,but no significant difference was observed in the pre-activation time of LMF and APAs IEMG of LES.The CPAs IEMG of LES and LMF both decreased significantly after the run.Conclusions The acute endurance exercise of 10000 meters run does not cause fatigue of lumbar stable muscles,but it has an effect on the performance of body balance control.It has effects on the postural control strategies of the central nerve system in response to the internal sudden postural perturbation,resulting in the earlier pre-activation of LES to compensate the decreased activation magnitude of LMF.%目的:探讨急性全身性耐力运动对身体平衡控制能力、背伸肌最大收缩能力以及腰椎稳定肌预期姿势调节(APAs)和补偿姿势调节(CPAs)的影响.方法:17名男性警察学院大学生参与该实验.受试者先进行最大背伸肌力测试、闭目单足站立试验和快速举臂试验,而后进行10000米耐力跑,并在跑后即刻重复上述3个项目的测试,检测耐力跑前后受试者的背伸肌最大肌力和闭目单足站立时间,并在快速举臂试验中同步采集腰部竖脊肌和多裂肌的表面肌电信号(sEMG),计算竖脊肌和多裂肌的激活时间以及APAs和CPAs阶段的反应强度.结果:(1)10000米耐力跑前后受试者背伸肌力无明显变化,但耐力跑后闭目单足站立时间大幅度缩短;(2)内部姿势干扰条件下,相较10000米耐力跑前,耐力跑后受试者腰部竖脊肌的激活时间显著提前,而腰部多裂肌在APAs阶段的反应强度显著减小;10000米耐力跑后腰部竖脊肌和多裂肌在CPAs阶段的反应强度均显著减小.结论:10000米耐力跑未能造成背伸肌群疲劳,但会影响机体维持静态平衡的能力;10000米耐力跑影响内部姿势干扰条件下中枢神经系统对腰椎稳定肌的前馈控制策略,通过提早收缩腰部竖脊肌来补偿腰部多裂肌预激活强度的减小.