我国中老年人群抑郁发生率的城乡差异及危险因素研究

摘要

目的 了解我国城乡中老年人群抑郁的流行病学特征及影响因素,为今后我国中老年人群抑郁的预防保健提供合理的建议.方法 利用"中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)"数据,共纳入2011年未发生抑郁的人群7539例,采用调查问卷及收集个体体检数据的形式追踪随访至2013年,观察群体中抑郁的发生情况.分类资料的组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher's精确概率法,并采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析抑郁发生的影响因素.结果 我国中老年人群抑郁的发生率为38.41%,其中农村发生率为42.35%,城镇发生率为26.26%,两者之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001).多因素分析结果 显示,性别、躯体疼痛、高血压、听力差、生活满意度低、睡眠时间较短、日常活动受限、患慢性病、体质量较低为我国中老年人群抑郁发生的独立危险因素.结论 我国中老年人群的抑郁发病率较高,其中农村中老年人群的抑郁发生率显著高于城镇.此外,还应重点关注女性、患有慢性躯体疾病、听力受损、睡眠质量较差等抑郁高危中老年人群,积极预防抑郁的发生.%Objectives To understand the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of depression in urban and rural middle-aged and elderly people in china,and to provide reasonable suggestions for preventive care on depression in aged people in future.Methods Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS),a total of 7539 cases without depression in 2011 were included in this study,the questionnaire and col-lection of individual physical examination data were adopted to observe the occurrence of depression at the end of fol-low-up to 2013.Classification between groups was usedχ2 test or Fisher's exact probability method,and logistic re-gression model was used to analyze the risk factors of depression.Results The incidence of depression in middle-aged and elderly people in China was 38.41%,of which,the incidence of depression in rural area was 42.35% and in urban area was 26.26%.The difference was significant(P<0.0001).Multi-factor analysis showed that gender,body pain,hypertension,poor hearing,low life satisfaction,short sleep time,limited daily activities,low life satisfaction, short sleep time,limited daily activities,chronic disease,low body weight were the independent risk factors of depres-sion occurred in middle-aged and elderly people in China.Conclusions The incidence of depression in middle-aged and elderly people in China is high,of which the rural samples are significantly higher than the urban subj ects.In ad-dition,we should pay more attention to women,suffering from chronic physical illness,hearing loss,poor quality of sleep in middle-aged and elderly people to prevent the occurrence of depression.