企业员工知觉压力、自我效能与健康相关饮食行为的关系研究

摘要

Objective To examine the status of health-related eating behaviors and their influential factors of enterprise staff, and explore the relationship among perceived stress, self-efficacy and eating behaviors.Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey including demographic characteristics, perceived stress, self-efficacy and health-related eating behaviors were conducted in 388 employees from four enterprises in Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Shanghai.Canonical correlation analysis and Logistic regression were used to explore the association of perceived stress, self-efficacy with eating behaviors.Results Demographic characteristics, perceived stress and self-efficacy had effect on eating behaviors of enterprise staff (P＜0.001).The higher stress levels, the more possible the stuff eat food while doing other things (P＜0.001).When the self-efficacy of dietary control declined, enterprise staff tended to take more fried food, sweetened beverages, sweets, and eat while detracted (P＜0.05).Conclusion Perceived stress and self-efficacy are associated with eating behaviors of enterprises staff.Therefore we need to take the stress coping strategies and self-efficacy enhancement in account when we conduct the health promotion projects in worksite.%目的 研究企业员工健康相关饮食行为的现状及影响因素,分析知觉压力、自我效能与企业员工饮食行为的关系.方法 采用方便抽样方法,对杭州、嘉兴、上海4家企业的388名员工进行问卷调查,收集社会人口学特征、知觉压力、自我效能和饮食行为情况,通过典型相关分析和Logistic回归分析,探索企业员工知觉压力、自我效能与健康相关饮食行为的关系.结果 社会人口学特征、知觉压力、自我效能与企业员工的饮食行为相关(P＜0.001);存在健康危险压力的企业员工容易出现边吃东西边做其他事的情况(P＜0.001);自我效能较低的员工对油炸食品、含糖型饮料和甜食的摄入量更多,边吃东西边做其他事的频率更高(P＜0.05).结论 知觉压力和自我效能会对企业员工的饮食行为产生影响,在工作场所开展健康干预项目时应考虑提供压力应对、效能提升等方面的帮助措施.