由南极苔藓样品中分离到一株木霉菌株NTYM-0112,利用传统分类学与ITS序列及系统发育分析相结合方法对其进行分类鉴定,并对其抑植物病原菌活性、范围及对植物抗盐、抗寒的诱导作用进行了初步研究.结果表明,该菌株属于棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum),对稻瘟霉菌(Pyricularia oryzae)、棉花黄萎菌(Verticillium dahliae)、小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)等7种常见植物病原菌有明显的抑制作用.番茄种子经该菌株处理后发芽率比对照提高了13.04％,番茄苗盐害指数降低了35.7％,成活率提高了34.4％,干重含水量提高了20.4％,叶片内丙二醛含量比对照明显减少;黄瓜幼苗经该菌株处理后,在0℃、5℃、10℃下电解质外渗率比对照分别下降了13.1％、20.9％、32.8％,可溶性糖外渗值分别下降了18.0 mg/g、28.6 mg/g、48.4 mg/g,证明该菌株对植物具有良好的抑菌和诱导抗逆作用.%Using traditional taxonomic methods, ITS sequences and phylogenetic analysis, Trichoderma strain NTYM-0112 isolated from an Antarctic moss habitat was identified as Trichoderma asperellum. A preliminary study was made of its antibacterial activities and range in inducing salt and cold resistance effects in plants. The antibacterial activities results revealed that strain NTYM-0112 showed obvious inhibition to seven common plant pathogens including Pyricularia oryzae, Verticillium dahlia and Fusarium graminearum. Salt resistance results indicated that the germination rate of tomato seeds increased 13. 4% compared with the control after treatment with strain NTYM-0112; the salt injury index reduced significantly by 35.7% ; and the survival rate and water content of tomato dry weight increased by 34.4% and 20.4% , respectively, after treatment with strain NTYM-0112. The MDA contentof leaves was obviously reduced compared with the control. The cold resistance results showed that after treatment with strain NTYM-0112, the electrolyte leakage rate of cucumber seedlings at 0℃, 5℃ and 10℃ reduced by 13. 1% , 20.9% and 32. 8% , respectively, and the extravasation values of soluble sugar decreased by 18. 0 mg/g, 28.6 mg/g and 48.4 mg/g, respectively. All of these results confirmed Antarctic habitat strain Trichoderma as-perellum possessed preferable antibacterial activity and effect of inducing plant resistance to stress.
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