γ-分泌酶是与阿尔茨海默病相关的Ⅰ型跨膜蛋白酶。它包括早老素、早老素增强子2、前咽缺陷蛋白1和呆蛋白（nicastrin）4个亚基。最近研究利用超低温电子显微镜在高分辨率的条件下首次揭示了人源γ-分泌酶“马蹄形”的三维空间结构以及各亚基的排列顺序，有助于更深入地认识该酶的调控通路及作用机制。此外，包括非甾体类抗炎药等在内的γ-分泌酶调节剂在体外实验中被证实能抑制γ-分泌酶的活性并选择性地降低β淀粉样蛋白片段42的水平，为阿尔茨海默病的防治提供了有效途径，具有广阔的开发前景，成为近年来的研究热点。本文就γ-分泌酶各亚基调控通路、人源γ-分泌酶的精细三维空间结构以及γ-分泌酶的调节剂进行综述。%γ-Secretase is aⅠtransmembrane protease associated with Alzheimer disease(AD), and including four subunits:presenilin,presenilin enhancer-2,anterior-pharynx-defective1 and nicastrin. In recent studies,the ultra-high-resolution cryo-electron microscope has been used for the first time, revealing the humanγ-secretase″horseshoe″,the three-dimensional structure and the arrangement of the subunits. This technique has shed light on the regulation of the enzyme pathway and mechanism. In addition,the γ-secretase modulators,including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,have been shown in vitro to inhibit γ-secretase activity and selectively reduce the level of Aβ42 against AD. They have provided an effective approach,with broad prospects for development. Studies in this area have become a hot topic in recent years. Here we summarized the γ-secretase subunits regulatory pathways, humanγ-secretase fine three-dimensional structure andγ-secretase modulators .
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