有氧运动时程对2K1C肾血管高血压大鼠心血管及肾脏功能的影响

摘要

AIM: To explore the impact of aerobic exercise (AE) time on mean arterial pressure (MAP), sinus bradycardia, heart and kidney histological changes and oxidative damage in the two-kidney and one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats, and to assess the specific effects of AE time on alleviation of hypertension.METHODS: Healthy male Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group and 2K1C group.After operation, the rats in these 2 groups were divided into sham sedentary (sham+SED) group, sham exercise (sham+AE) group, 2K1C se-dentary (2K1C+SED) group and 2K1C exercise (2K1C+AE) group.The rats in sham+AE group and 2K1C+AE group were subjected to AE for 10 weeks: swimming for 1 h/d.The MAP, sinus bradycardia and the histological changes of heart and kidney in these 4 groups were tested regularly.RESULTS: Compared with 2K1C+SED group, the rats in 2K1C+AE group had significantly improved MAP and sinus bradycardia at the 4th week, with reduced collagen deposition in the myocardium and kidney, decreased level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the left ventricle and increased catalase (CAT) activity in the left ventricle and kidney.The results of the 6th to 10th weeks showed that the differences of MAP and sinus bradycardia between the rats in 2K1C+AE group and 2K1C+SED group had gradually narrowed.The TBARS levels in the left ventricle and kidney and CAT activity in both kidneys of the rats in 2K1C+AE group were partly restored at the 8th week.The collagen deposition in the heart and kidney of the rats in AE group was reduced to the lowest level at the 10th week.CONCLUSION: Short-time (about 4 weeks) AE effectively improves the MAP and sinus bradycardia of 2K1C renal vascular hypertensive rats and attenuates the damages of the heart and kidney by regulating oxidative stress, thus improving the cardiovascular and renal functions of 2K1C renal hypertensive rats.%目的: 探究有氧运动(aerobic exercise,AE)的时程对两肾一夹型(2K1C)高血压大鼠平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、窦性心动过缓、心脏和肾脏组织学以及氧化损伤的影响,从而评估AE改善高血压状况的具体效果.方法: 选取健康雄性Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为假手术(sham)组和2K1C组,手术后将两组大鼠分别分为sham安静(sham+SED)组、sham运动(sham+AE)组、2K1C安静(2K1C+SED)组及2K1C运动(2K1C+AE)组.sham+AE组和2K1C+AE组的大鼠进行AE,AE的方式为每天游泳1次,每次游泳1 h,一共持续运动10周.定期检测4组大鼠的MAP、窦性心动过缓改善情况以及心脏和肾脏组织学的变化等.结果: 第4周时发现,2K1C+AE组大鼠的MAP和窦性心动过缓得到了明显的改善,心肌和肾脏中胶原沉积相对于2K1C+SED组明显减少,左心室中硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)的水平也明显降低,且左心室和肾脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性较2K1C+SED组也显著升高.但第6周至第10周的结果显示,2K1C+AE组与2K1C+SED组之间大鼠MAP和窦性心动过缓的差异逐渐缩小.第8周时2K1C+AE组大鼠左心室和肾脏中TBARS的水平以及双肾中CAT的活性部分恢复.第10周时2K1C+AE组大鼠心脏和双肾中胶原沉积降低到最低水平.结论: 适度(约4周)AE能有效改善2K1C肾血管高血压大鼠MAP和窦性心动过缓,并且可以通过调控氧化应激反应,减轻高血压所致的心脏及肾脏损伤.