Osteoporotic animal models are the essential tools to study of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and the pharmacology of osteoporosis drugs.This paper, in detail, discusses 4 types of osteoporotic animal models: ( 1 ) hormone intervention-induced osteoporosis animal models, including castrated animal model, parathyroidectomy animal mode, hypothalamic-pituitary defect-induced animal model, glucocorticoid-induced animal model, and buserelin-induced animal model; ( 2 ) immobilization-induced osteoporosis animal models, including unilateral limb disuse osteoporosis model, suspension-induced osteoporosis model, limb internal fixation with plate or screw-induced osteoporosis model, steel pipe fixation-induced animal model, and plaster bandage-induced osteoporosis model;(3) dietary intervention-induced osteoporosis models, including low calcium diet-induced osteoporosis model and low sodium diet-induced osteoporosis model; ( 4 ) other types of osteoporosis models, including retinoid-induced osteoporosis model, streptozotocin-induced osteoporosis model, gene engineer-induced osteoporosis model, and combined approaches-induced osteoporosis model.The evaluation methods for osteoporosis include the densitometry, biochemistry index, mechanical strength, and bone histomorphormetry. To judge whether the animal models is successful or not, we need to comprehensively consider the 4 evaluating indexes, in order to provide a solid base and scientific evidence for preclinical and clinical research.%骨质疏松动物模型，是研究骨质疏松病理和抗骨质疏松药物作用机理的重要依据。本文详细地论述了4种骨质疏松动物模型的特点及原理：即（1）激素干预型骨质疏松动物模型，包括去势骨质疏松模型、甲状旁腺切除诱发的骨质疏松模型、下丘脑垂体缺陷诱发的骨质疏松模型、糖皮质激素诱导的骨质疏松模型和布舍瑞林诱发的骨质疏松模型等；（2）废用型骨质疏松动物模型，包括单侧肢体废用性模型、悬吊模型、钢板或螺钉内固定未骨折的骨骼诱发的骨质疏松模型、套筒法诱导大鼠骨质疏松模型和石膏绷带固定诱导骨质疏松模型等；（3）营养型骨质疏松模型，包括低钙饮食诱发的骨质疏松动物模型、低钠诱导的骨质疏松模型；（4）其它类型骨质疏松动物模型，包括维甲酸诱发的骨质疏松模型、链脲佐菌素诱发的骨质疏松模型、基因工程法诱导和联合造模法诱发的骨质疏松模型等。骨质疏松模型常见的评价包括密度测定法、生物化学指标法、骨形态学法和生物力学法等。衡量一种模型成功与否，必须将4种不同的指标评价方法结合起来进行综合评价，才能为基础和临床研究提供坚实的科学依据。
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