氮肥管理与根瘤菌接种模式对花生生长、氮吸收利用及产量的影响

摘要

为探求豫南砂姜黑土区花生高产和氮肥高效利用栽培技术,采用大田试验,研究了氮肥管理与不同根瘤菌接种模式(拌种或土施)对花生生长、氮吸收利用及产量的影响.结果表明,施氮提高了花生叶片SPAD值,有效促进花生生长,显著增加了氮利用率和荚果产量.两种根瘤菌接种模式下,不同氮肥管理中均以50％N基施+50％N开花期追施和100％N基施处理的第一侧枝长、总分枝数、单株饱果数、单株饱果重和百果重、氮利用率和产量显著高于50％N开花期追施+50％N结荚期追施处理,说明要实现花生高产和氮素高效利用需在花生生育前期施用一定量的氮肥.比较根瘤菌拌种和土施2种接种模式,以根瘤菌拌种配施氮肥处理增产效果较好,但与根瘤菌土施配施氮肥处理间差异不显著.综合分析,在豫南砂姜黑土区,花生种植采用氮肥50％基施、50％开花期追施配合根瘤菌拌种的模式增产效果最好,氮肥利用效率最高.%To explore cultivation technology for high-yielding and high fertilizer-nitrogen (N) use efficiency for peanuts in shajiang black soil area, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of N fertilizer management and rhizobia inoculation methods on peanut growth, N uptake and yield. The results indicated that N application increased SPAD value of peanut leaves, effectively promoted the growth of peanuts, and significantly increased the N use efficiency and yield of pods. Under the same rhizobium methods (hizobia seed dressing or applying to soil), the first branch length, number of total branch, number and weight of full fruit per plant, 100-pod weight, N use efficiency and yield were recorded at 50％ N as basal fertilizer and 50％ N topdressing at flowering stage, and100％ N as basal fertilizer treatment. The efficiency of these treatments were significantly higher than those of 50％N topdressing at flowering stage and 50％ N topdressing at pod setting stage, indicating that high-yielding and high N efficiency of peanuts required a certain N fertilizer rate in the early growth stage. Compared with two inoculation methods of rhizobia seed dressing and N application to soil, rhizobia seed dressing with N fertilizer had a better effect on peanut yield, but no significant difference between two inoculation methods. In the shajiang black soil area of southern Henan Province, the 50％ N as basal fertilizer combined with a 50％ N fertilizer topdressing at flowering stage with rhizobium seed dressing was a better methods for peanut production.