抑郁症患者完美主义与自尊、内隐自尊的关系

摘要

Objective To explore the relationships of self-esteem, implicit self-esteem and perfectionism in the depressed patients. Methods Both of the depression group (n=50) and control group (n=45) completed the self-esteem scale (SES), the self-acceptance questionnaire (SAQ), the Chinese Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale (CFMPS), the implicit association test and the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices. The implicit association test were performed before (pre-IAT) and after (later-IAT) the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices. Results The SES score was lower in depression group than in control group (P=0.002). To the IAT score, the interaction effect of group and time achieved no statistically different (P=0.735). The group main effect of IAT was significant (P=0.001). The IAT score was higher in de⁃pression group than in control group (P=0.013). The time main effect was significant (P=0.033). The pre-IAT was higher than later-IAT (P=0.007). The depression group had higher scores of concern over mistakes (P=0.007) and doubt about action (P=0.006) dimension of CFMPS, and lower score of parental expectations (P=0.038) dimension than the control group. The later-IAT was negatively related with parental expectations dimension and the total score of CFMPS in the de⁃pression group (P<0.05). Depressed patients’SES and SAQ scores were negatively related with concern over mistakes and doubt about action dimension and the total score of CFMPS (P<0.05). Conclusion The instability of implicit self-es⁃teem of depressed patients is associated with negative perfectionism.%目的：探讨抑郁症患者外显自尊、内隐自尊与完美主义的关系，为抑郁症患者心理干预提供理论依据。方法纳入50例抑郁症患者，以及年龄、性别和文化程度与之匹配的45名正常对照，采用Frost完美主义问卷（the Chinese Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale，CFMPS）、自尊量表（self-esteem scale，SES）、自我接纳问卷（self-acceptance questionnaire，SAQ）对所有被试进行评估，并采用瑞文挫败实验设置失败反馈背景，在瑞文测试前后各完成一次内隐联想测验（implicit association test，IAT）以评价前后两次内隐自尊水平，结果分别记为前测IAT和后测IAT。结果患者组SES得分低于对照组（P=0.002）。对于IAT，分组与时间的交互效应无统计学意义（P=0.735）；IAT的分组主效应有统计学意义（P=0.001），患者组IAT水平比对照组高（P=0.013）；IAT的时间主效应有统计学意义（P=0.033），前测IAT水平比后测高（P=0.007）。CFMPS中，患者组担心错误、行动的疑虑维度得分高于对照组（均P<0.01）；患者组父母期望维度得分低于对照组（P=0.038）；患者组条理性、个人标准维度得分与对照组无统计学差异（均P>0.05）。患者组后测IAT与父母期望得分、消极完美主义总分呈负相关（P<0.05），SES、SAQ得分分别与CFMPS中担心错误、行动的疑虑维度得分、消极完美主义总分呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论抑郁症患者消极完美主义与潜意识中自尊水平不稳定有关。