目的 探讨海船船员的听力损伤情况及其特点.方法 对1 000名海船船员(其中甲板部563名,轮机部437名)进行听力检查,将纯音听力测试结果进行评定和分析.结果 各频率听力损伤中4.0 kHz最多见,高音频率听损率大于语音频率,符合噪声性耳聋特点;按海龄≤10、11 ～20、21～30、≥31年分为4组,海龄越长,船员接触噪声的时间越长,听损程度及听损率均呈上升趋势,如海龄31年及以上的人听损率高达35.2％,不同海龄组间的听力损伤程度的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);不同工作岗位的听损率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),轮机部船员听损率(21.1％)高于甲板部(11.4％);经常注意佩戴防噪耳塞的船员听损率远低于常常忽视佩戴者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 海船船员听力损伤率较高,使用防噪耳塞等护耳器具在一定程度上可以减轻噪声性聋,进一步研究高效、方便、无不良反应的干预手段对减少噪声性聋有迫切的现实意义.%Objective To investigate the features of hearing loss induced by ship noise among sailors.Methods One thousand sailors,among whom 563 of them were from the deck department and 437 were from the engine department,received hearing tests.Results Of pure tone audiometry detection were evaluated,analyzed and compared.Results For hearing damage at various frequencies,hearing loss at 4 kHz was the most common.The rate of hearing loss at high frequency was greater than that at audio frequency,which conformed to the features of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).The longer the sea service of sailors was and the longer they exposed to ship noise,the greater hearing damage they would sustain.For instance,the rate of hearing loss for sailors with 31 years of sea service or longer would reach as high as 35.2％.Statistical differences could be seen in the severeness of hearing damage among different groups of sailor with different length of sea service (P ＜ 0.01).There was statistical significance in the rate of hearing loss,when comparisons were made between the engine department sailors (21.1％) and the deck department sailors (11.4％) (P ＜ 0.01).The rate of hearing loss for the sailors wearing ear plugs frequently was much lower than those not wearing them,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Due to the high rate of hearing loss among sailors,the application of ear plugs could alleviate noise-induced hearing loss to some extent.It is of practical importance to develop and adopt highly effective,convenient and nontoxic intervention measures or devices against noiseinduced hearing loss.
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