对急诊护理人员患者隐私保护的认知及影响因素研究

摘要

目的：探讨急诊护理人员对保护患者隐私的认知现状及影响因素,为促进临床一线患者隐私保护的落实提供指导和参考依据。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷于2015年10—12月对上海市二、三级医院982名急诊护理人员实施问卷调查,调查内容包括护理人员对患者隐私信息内容的认知、护理人员对患者隐私身体部位的认知和影响护理人员对患者隐私的认知。结果急诊护理人员对患者隐私保护的认知,在11项隐私信息内容中排在前5位的患者隐私保护内容分别为：患者身份证号(94.70％)、家庭住址(93.38％)电话(92.57％)、病情病史(91.85％)和精神及心理活动(90.02％)。在9项患者隐私身体部位中,排在前5位的分别为：会阴(97.15％)、胸部(95.52％)、臀部(94.81％)、腹部(79.84％)和大腿(77.60％)。急诊护理人员对患者隐私保护的认知二级医院与三级医院相比、专科医院与综合医院相比、未婚护士与已婚护士相比、高年资护士与低年资护士相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同婚姻状况、不同资质急诊护理人员对患者隐私保护信息内容的认知差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)；未婚护士和已婚护士对隐私保护部位头颈部的认知差异有统计学意义(χ2＝8.249,P＝0.041),低年资护士和高年资护士对隐私保护部位如小腿、头颈部、手臂的认知差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为9.893,15.879,11.329；P<0.05)。护理人员主动为患者实施隐私保护的现状与护理人员的年龄、职称、工作年限、对患者隐私权相关知识的了解、参加保护隐私的培训和对患者进行隐私保护的意愿呈正相关( r值分别为0.084,0.086,0.109,0.295,0.391,0.451；P<0.05)。结论应加强对急诊护理人员进行患者隐私保护相关知识的培训,增强护理人员对患者隐私权相关知识的了解,落实保护患者隐私的护理措施,促进医患和谐。%Objective To explore the emergency nurses′cognition in the protection of patients′privacy and its influencing factors, and provide guidance and references for privacy protection of clinical patients. Methods Self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 982 emergency nurses of some secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai from October to December 2015. Investigative contents includes: the cognition of nursing staff in patients′privacy information, the cognition in privacy body parts of patients, influencing factors that affect the cognition of nurses in patients′ privacy. Results For the cognition of nursing staff in patients′privacy, the top 5 patients′privacy contents among 11 privacy information contents were : patients′ ID number (94.70%), family address (94.70%), phone number (92.57%), medical history (91.85%) and Spiritual and psychological activities (90.02%). The top 5 privacy body parts of patients among 9 privacy body parts were:perineum(97.15%), breast (95.52%), buttock (94.81%), abdomen (79.84%) and thigh (77.60%). There was no significant difference in cognition of nurses in the protection of patients′ privacy between secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals, specialized hospitals and general hospitals, unmarried nurses and married nurses, senior nurses and junior nurses ( P>0.05) . There was no significant difference in cognition of nurses in the protection of patients′ privacy between nurses with different marital status and different qualification ( P>0. 05) . Cognition difference in privacy protection of patients′ head and neck between unmarried nurses and married nurses was significant (χ2=8.249,P=0.041). Cognition difference in privacy protection of patients′head and neck, arms and legs between senior nurses and junior nurses was significant (χ2=9.893,15.879, 11. 329;P<0. 05 ) . The present status of nurses active action in patients privacy protection, was positively correlated to the age, professional title, working years, understanding of the patients privacy knowledge, participation in the protection of privacy training and willness of protecting patients′ privacy information ( r=0. 084, 0.086, 0.109, 0. 295,0.391,0.451;P<0.05).Conclusions We should strengthen the training related to patients privacy protection knowledge for emergency nurses; enhance the understanding of knowledge related to patients′privacy, and carry out the nursing measures to protect the privacy of patients, so as to promote harmonious doctor-patient relationship.