北京市职业人群血脂紊乱和高血糖与高血压及代谢综合征患病率的调查

摘要

目的 调查北京市职业人群血脂异常、高血糖、高血压及代谢综合征(MS)的患病率及其特点,同时了解各种血脂异常的患病率在20年前后的变化.方法 调查对象为16 344名在北京大学第一医院进行体检的职业人员,对其进行问卷调查,测量身高、体重和血压,并采集空腹静脉血检测血糖、血脂.采用中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS)诊断标准确定MS患者.结果 调查人群中血脂紊乱的患病率为36.9%(6 034例),符合高血糖诊断标准的共有948例,患病率为5.8%,高血压的患病率为17.1%(2 801例),超重(肥胖)(OB/OW)共检出5 252例,总患病率达32.1%.采用CDS诊断标准,MS的患病率为12.2%(2 004例),男性的患病率高于女性(14.2%比10.0%),在不同性别组MS患病率均随年龄的增长而上升.调查人群中MS的4个组分中至少有1项阳性的比例高达65.5%(10 709例).各年龄段高TG血症、高胆固醇(TC)血症和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)血症的患病率均明显高于1984-1986年的报道.结论 北京市职业人群中MS的患病率较高,高脂血症的患病率也较20年前明显升高,因此,在人们生活水平提高的同时,应加强膳食平衡的营养教育,使居民的饮食更加合理.%Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia,hyperglycemia,hypertension and metabolic syndrome(MS)and compare the prevalence rate of dysilipidemia obtained in this study with the previous study during 1984--1986.Methods A total of 16 344 adults in Beijing who attended for the medical examinations were recruited in the study.Subjects were asked to complete questionnaires regarding personal health,lifestyle and family health history.The physical examination emphasized measurement of height,weight and blood pressure.Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast and subjected to serum glucose,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C and TG measurements.MS was diagnosed according to Diabetes Society of Chinese Medical Association(CDS)criteria.Results Dyslipidemia occurred in 36.9%(6 034)of subjects.948 hyperglycaemia cases were found.The prevalence rate of high blood glucose was 5.8%. Hypertension occurred in 17.1% of subjects.Obesity/Overweight occurred in 5 252 subjects with the prevalence rate of 32.1%.On the basis of the diagnostic criteria for MS in China.MS occurred in 12.2% of subjects(14.2% for males and 10.0% for females).In both genders,the rate increased along with the increment of age.65.5% participants had at least one of the metabolic disorders.The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and abnormally low HDL-C were higher than previous analysis during 1984-1986 in all age groups.Conclusions The prevalence of MS in this large occupational population in Beijing was quite high. The prevalence of hypeflipemia had increased considerably over the past 20 years.Balanced nutrition and reasonable consumption should be undertaken to modify these situations.