以高岭石/尿素插层复合物作为中间相,利用简单的直接置换插层法制备了d001=0.85 nm的水合高岭石.利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜表征处理前后高岭石结构与形貌的变化.结果表明:尿素插层后的高岭石层间距从d001=0.72 nm增大到d001=1.08 nm,经不同温度酸洗或水洗后,插层复合物转变成层间有水分子的水合高岭石(d001=0.85 nm),且高岭石晶粒厚度明显从约25 nm减小到约10 nm.在高温条件下形成的水合高岭石含量最高,90℃水冼时d001=0.85 nm水合高岭石的转化率接近70%,这种水合高岭石具有进一步的置换插层能力,是一种制备其他高岭石插层复合物很好的前驱体.与乙二醇形成d001=1.10nm乙二醇/高岭石插层复合物,其置换率达到100%.%The hydrated kaolinite with d001=0.85 nm was prepared with simple direct displacement intercalation method by using kaolinite-urea intercalation compound as an intermediate. The microstructure and morphology of kaolinite before and after intercalation were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the basal spacing of the kaolinite increases from d001=0.72 nm to d001=1.08 nm after intercalation with urea. After being grafted with water through washing with acid or water at different temperatures, the hydrated kaolinite with d001=0.85 nm is obtained. And the grain thickness of kaolinite decreases significantly from 25 nm to about 10 nm. The highest content of the hydrated kaolinite appears at high temperature, which is nearly 70％ by washing with water at 90 ℃. The d001=0.85 nm hydrated kaolinite derived from kaolinite-urea compound has further intercalation ability, and may serve as an excellent precursor for preparing other kaolinite intercalation compounds. The transformation rate of about 100％ can be obtained for kaolinite- ethylene glycol intercalation compound from the hydrated kaolinite.
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