超高速撞击Kevlar纤维布填充防护结构研究

摘要

A series of impact experiments are conducted to investigate the ballistic performances of stuffed Whipple shields with Kevlar fiber clothes using a two-stage light gas gun facilities. Based on the impact limit curve of Nextel/Kevlar stuffed Whipple shields,the protective performances of Kevlar stuffed Whipple shields,the damage morphology and mechanism of stuffed material and bulkhead are obtained and compared. The main results show as following: the stuffed Whipple shields with Kevlar fiber clothes have excellent protection performance at the low impact velocity;the double-layer packing structure can improve the protective performance. Kevlar fibers sufficiently absorb energy by plastic deformation and fracture when the impact velocity is low. In addition, high temperature melting and carbonization phenomenon appear in the hypervelocity region, which help break up and melt the projectiles that minimize the damage to cabin wall. This exploratory method provides us a useful way to make the ballistic performances of stuffed Whipple shields more perfect in space debris protection field.%利用二级轻气炮,对Kevlar纤维布填充Whipple防护结构进行了超高速撞击实验研究.基于Nextel/Kevlar撞击极限曲线,分析了单层及双层Kevlar纤维布填充防护结构的防护性能以及填充材料、舱壁的损伤情况.实验表明,Kevlar纤维布填充Whipple防护结构在低速区具有优良的防护性能.分层布局可改善Kevlar纤维布填充Whipple防护结构在低速区的防护性能.在低速区,Kevlar纤维丝主要依靠大量的塑性变形及断裂吸收弹丸的动能；在高速区,Kevlar纤维丝存在高温熔化及碳化现象,使弹丸破碎或熔化为更小的碎片或熔球,从而减轻对舱壁的损伤.