癫痫患者减停抗癫痫药物后发作间期癫痫样放电对复发风险的研究

摘要

Objective To study the role of interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) in reducing recurrent epilepsy after withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs (AED).Methods One hundred epilepsy pa tients with no seizure for ≥2 years were divided into IED group (n=51) and IED free group (n=49) according to the classification of epilepsy seizure developed by the International Association for the Prevention of Epilepsy in 1981.The patients were further divided into elderly group (n=21) and non-elderly group (n=79) and were followed up for at least 1 year by return visit or telephone.Results No significant difference was found in the incidence of IED in the 100 epilepsy patients with different types of seizure,such as myospasm,simple partial seizure and ≥2 seizures.However,the incidence of IED was significantly higher than that of myotonia,myospasm,absence and simple partial seizure (P＜0.05).Epilepsy recurred in 37 patients (72.5％) of IED group and in 16 patients (32.7％) of IED-free group.Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of epilepsy and IED were the risk factors for recurrent epilepsy after withdrawal of AED (OR=1.165,95％CI:1.022-1.329,P=0.022;OR=2.794,95％CI:1.040-7.509,P=0.042) and the course of epilepsy was longer in elderly group than in non-elderly group (10.10±7.55 years vs 5.97±4.04 years,P=0.001).Conclusion The seizure type and course of epilepsy are the relia ble predictors of recurrent epilepsy in patients with no seizure for a long time after withdrawal of AED,and are thus of clinical significance.%目的 探究并分析发作间期癫痫样放电(interictal epileptiform discharges,IED)对癫痫患者减停抗癫痫药物(antiepileptic drugs,AED)后复发的影响.方法 选取2015年7月～2016年7月在解放军总医院神经内科诊治≥2年无发作的癫痫患者100例,按国际抗癫痫联盟1981年推出的癫痫发作分类分为IED组51例和无IED组49例,又根据年龄分为老年组21例,非老年组79例.所有患者至少随访1年,通过门诊复诊或电话随访.结果 100例癫痫患者中,不同发作类型两两比较,肌阵挛、复杂部分发作和≥2种发作类型的癫痫患者IED发生率并无明显差异,但明显高于强直-阵挛、失神和简单部分发作的癫痫患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).IED组癫痫复发37例(72.5％),无IED组癫痫复发16例(32.7％).logistic回归分析显示,病程(OR=1.165,95％CI:1.022～1.329,P=0.022)和IED(OR=2.794,95％CI:1.040～7.509,P=0.042)可能是减停AED后癫痫复发的危险因素.老年组病程明显长于非老年组[(10.10±7.55)年vs (5.97±4.04)年,P=0.001].结论 发作类型和病程对长期无发作的癫痫患者减停AED后是否复发具有可靠的预测价值和临床意义.