碘酸钠诱发的视网膜色素变性动物模型研究进展

摘要

视网膜色素变性(RP)是一组以视网膜色素上皮(RPE)和感光细胞的功能障碍或丧失为主要特征的致盲眼病,有很大的临床和遗传异质性.碘酸钠是抗代谢药物,可以选择性破坏RPE,它引起的视网膜病变与人类RP疾病的片状RPE缺损极为相似,因此常被用来制作RP疾病的模型.碘酸钠能诱发多种实验动物的RP模型,人们多使用单次碘酸钠注射的方法建立RP动物模型.由于碘酸钠诱发的RP动物模型的发病年龄和疾病进展均可人为操控,制备简单,病变稳定,周期短,且某些动物的RPE细胞在特殊条件下有再生的潜能,极有利于RP发病机制、药物或干/前体细胞治疗及再生医学方面的研究.目前有关碘酸钠诱发动物RP模型的研究和应用已有不少报道.本文根据国内外文献将碘酸钠诱发的RP动物模型的研究进展作一综述.%Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous retinal degenerative hereditary diseases that cause severe vision impairment and often blindness.They are characterized by dysfunction and loss of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptor cells.Sodium iodate (NaIO3) is an antimetabolite known to selectively damage RPE.The RP induced by NaIO3 resemble patchy loss of RPE in human RP,and has been frequently used to establish a RP model.The RP models induced by NaIO3 can be established in a variety of experimental animals.Among those models,the RP model induced by one injection of NaIO3 is most commonly used.The NaIO3-induced RP animal models can be manipulated in terms of onset age and disease progression.Moreover,RPE cells in some animals have a self-regenerative potential under specific conditions.Therefore,this model is relevant in the study of RP pathogenesis,drug or stem/progenitor cell therapy and regenerative medicine.There have been many reports on researches and application of NaIO3-induced RP models,we summarized recent progress in this model.