新疆城乡居民虚拟水消费结构及其用水效率评价

摘要

Water footprint based on virtual water is a comprehensive index and gives a true reflection of the share of human consumption. It effectively measures human consumption of water resources. This paper investigated virtual water consumption structure by using water footprint, and estimated water efficiency through calculations of hydrology water scarcity index, social water scarcity index and water intensive use degree in cities and rural areas of Xinjiang from 1995 to 2007. The results indicated a 45.4％ increase in total water footprint, rising from 108.95×108 m3 in 1995 to 158.40×108 m3 in 2007. The average diversity index of virtual water consumption in cities exceeded that in rural areas by 0.69 suggesting more reasonable virtual water consumption structure in cities.The increasing diversity index of consumption across different social groups indicated gradual diversification of citizen's consumables and improvement in diet structure. There was an increase in water intensive use degree from 7.58 in 1995 to 22.22 in 2007. It indicated marked improvements in the development of water efficiency.%水足迹模型是评估人类消费结构对水资源影响的有效方法.结合1995～2007年的统计资料,运用水足迹模型,对新疆城乡居民虚拟水消费结构进行综合评价,并引入水文和社会水资源稀缺度、集约利用度等指标,考察城乡居民用水效率.结果表明:1995～2007年间新疆全社会总水资源足迹呈现上升趋势,从1995年的108.95×l0m3上升到2007年的158.40×10~8m3,增幅达45.4%;城镇居民虚拟水消费结构多样性指数平均值比农村居民高0.69,说明城镇居民的虚拟水消费结构更加合理;不同社会群体的消费多样性指数呈上升趋势,表明居民消费品分布逐步分散化,饮食结构单一化在逐步改善;水资源集约利用度从1995年的7.58上升到2007年的22.22,水资源利用效率有较明显提高.