模拟鸭稻共作系统中鸭子机械刺激对水稻形态建成的影响

摘要

鸭稻共作是在中国传统稻田养鸭基础上创新发展起来的,目前在中国、日本以及东南亚一些国家被大力推广应用的一种水稻生态生产方式.为研究鸭子活动对水稻生长与形态建成的影响,本文通过室内模拟试验,研究了鸭子在稻田中活动而形成的机械刺激对水稻生长性状的影响效应.结果表明,不同强度的机械触摸刺激能够抑制水稻植株的伸长生长,降低其高度,至收获期株高降幅为8～10 cm;并且改变了水稻茎秆不同节间长度的分布,其中对水稻基部第 2 节茎节长度的影响最为明显.机械触摸刺激处理能够增加水稻茎秆的粗度,且随刺激处理强度的增加茎秆粗度增大,处理40 d后茎秆粗度增加0.17 cm.一定时间的机械刺激处理可以促进水稻植株的分蘖.机械刺激处理明显降低了水稻地上部生物量,处理40 d后降幅达19.6％;适度的机械刺激使水稻根冠比增加,同时,机械刺激可增加水稻的穗长和结实率,降低每穗空粒数,与对照相比,水稻穗长增加达8.88％,结实率增加3.79％,每穗空粒数最大降幅为36.12％.这些研究结果可进一步证实机械刺激能够改变植物生长性状的科学问题,也可为鸭稻共作生产技术的改进与合理利用提供科学依据.%Integrated rice-duck farming system, developed from "raising ducks in paddy fields", as one of China's traditional agriculture was encouraged for safe production of rice in China, Japan and other countries in Southeast Asia. To study the effects of ducks on the growth characteristics of rice, a mechanical stimulation experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Based on the analysis, mechanical stimulation showed some impacts of raising ducks on agronomic characteristics of rice. Different intensities of mechanical stimulation restrained and decreased total rice height by 8-10 cm at harvest stage. The lengths of different sections of rice stem, especially the length of the above-ground second section, reduced under duck-rice farming. The thickness of rice stem increased under enhanced mechanical stimulation, with the highest increment of 0.17 cm after treatment for 40 days. While mechanical stimulation for a certain period improved effective tillering capacity of rice, it obviously decreased shoot biomass by about 19.6% after treatment for 40 days. This led to an increase in root/shoot ratio of rice. Moreover, mechanical stimulation changed some characteristics of rice yield formation. Under enhanced stimulation intensity, average length of rice-ear increased by 8.88%. Also empty grain number per rice ear decreased by about 36.12%. Rice seed setting rate was higher by 3.79% under increased mechanical stimulation than the control. The findings of this study further verified the effects of mechanical stimulation on plant growth. It provided the basic scientific references for the improvement and reasonable utilization of duck-rice integrated fanning system.