Objective To screen and optimize the microsatellite DNA primers of the laboratory common marmoset, analyze and evaluate the population genetic quality for the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) introduced into the Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Methods A total of 30 marmosets were randomly chosen, and their genome DNA from blood was extracted using phenol/chloroform method. The microsatellite DNA was amplified using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplification products were tested by STR scanning after 2% agrose gel and 8% PAGE electrophoresis. The data processing and genetic analysis were completed using the Popgene1. 32 software. Results A total of 20 pairs of microsatellite loci showed genetic polymorphism, and 147 alleles were detected. The number of allele was 5 to 10, average 7. 35. The effective allele was 2. 2500 to 6. 3830, average 4. 0402. The observed heterozygosity was 0. 000 to 0. 4667, average 0. 1533. The expected heterozygosity was 0. 1424 to 0. 4350, average 0. 2506. The Shannon diversity index was 1. 2242 to 2. 0324, average 1. 5949. The polymorphic information content was 0. 5366 to 0. 8254, average 0. 7053. Conclusions The 20 pairs of marmoset microsatellite primers are genetically highly diverse and are in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.%目的 筛选、优化狨猴微卫星DNA引物,用以对中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所引进的实验用狨猴种群进行遗传学分析及评估.方法 用筛选的20对狨猴微卫星引物,对随机抽取的30只狨猴血液样本进行基因组DNA提取及PCR扩增,扩增产物经电泳鉴定后进行STR扫描检测,用Popgene1. 32软件对STR扫描结果进行数据处理和分析.结果 20对微卫星引物均呈现出遗传多样性,共检测147个等位基因,观察等位基因数5～10个,平均7. 35 个;有效等位基因数2. 2500 ～6. 3830 个,平均4. 0402 个;观察杂合度0. 000 ～0. 4667,平均0. 1533;期望杂合度0. 1424～0. 4350,平均0. 2506;香隆指数1. 2242～2. 0324,平均1. 5949;多态信息含量0. 5366～0. 8254,平均0. 7053.结论 本文筛选的20对狨猴微卫星引物具有高度遗传多样性,均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态.
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