荧光上转换纳米材料在光动力学治疗癌症中的应用

摘要

作为微创的光疗方法，光动力学治疗有着重要的临床价值。近年来，荧光上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）在光动力治疗领域脱颖而出。在组织穿透能力强的近红外（NIR）光激发下，UCNPs可以发射高能量的可见光，通过能量共振转移激活周围的光敏剂（PS）分子产生单线态氧杀死癌细胞,达到治疗的效果。基于UCNPs的光动力学疗法可以克服传统光动力疗法中光敏剂难输运，难靶向和难以治疗深层组织的缺点。此外，UCNPs可以和其它诊疗分子相结合，达到协同治疗和诊疗一体化的目的。本文综述了上转换纳米材料在癌症光动力学中的应用以及研究进展。%The advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology offers unprecedented opportunities in nanomedicine, such as increas-ing therapeutic efficiency and decreasing undesired side effects in cancer treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive pho-totherapy-based method that is applied in the treatment of cancer and other diseases and has important clinical value. PDT can be com-bined with other therapies to realize the synergistic treatment. The emergence of up-conversion nanomaterials provides a fundamental method to solve the problem of photodynamic therapy of deep tumors. Moreover, the versatile preparation and surface modification methods facilitate the fine-tuning of the emission spectrum of up-conversion nanomaterials and the improvement of the photosensitiz-er's loading capacity. This study reviews the development in design and application of up-conversion nanomaterials for PDT of cancer.