乳腺内氨基酸调控乳蛋白合成的分子作用机制

摘要

作为维持哺乳动物生命活动重要的“生物工厂”，乳腺利用从流经血液中摄取的氨基酸等营养物质为底物合成乳蛋白。研究证实，氨基酸还可作为一种信号因子，通过乳腺内多种信号级联传导通路，调控乳蛋白基因的转录及翻译过程，从而影响乳腺中乳蛋白的合成。酪氨酸蛋白激酶－信号转导子和转录激活子（ JAK⁃STAT ）信号通路和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（ mTOR）信号通路是乳蛋白基因转录和翻译过程中的主要调控路径。本文综述了乳腺 JAK⁃STAT和mTOR信号通路的分子机制及氨基酸通过这些通路调控乳蛋白合成的研究进展，旨在进一步阐明氨基酸调控乳蛋白合成的作用机理。%As an important ‘biological factory’ to maintain life activities of mammalian, the mammary gland utilizes nutrients, such as amino acids, that uptake from blood as substrates to synthesize milk protein. Studies confirmed that amino acids also can be used as a signal factor to regulate milk protein gene transcription and translation through the signaling cascade pathways in the mammary gland, which affects milk protein synthesis. Janus kinase⁃signal transducer and activator of transcription ( JAK⁃STAT) and mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR) signaling pathways are the main regulatory pathways in the process of milk protein gene transcription and translation. The molecular mechanism of the JAK⁃STAT and mTOR signaling pathways in the mammary gland and research progress on regulation of milk protein synthesis by amino acids through these pathways were reviewed in this paper, with the aim to further clarify the mechanism in regulation of milk protein synthesis by amino acids.