苦味受体的生物学特征、信号转导机制及苦味剂和苦味抑制剂对苦味受体的影响

摘要

Bitter taste receptor (TAS2Rs) is a kind of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR),which is encoded by a gene family composed of 30 genes.Bitterness can keep animals away from the toxic and harmful substances.When the animal tasted bitter substances,they will stimulate the tongue taste buds taste receptor cells to express TAS2Rs,then lead to a series of downstream signal transduction pathway,and the information is ultimately spread to the brain through drum rope nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve.It makes animals generate feelings of disgust,refuse to intake these bitter substances.In this paper,biological characteristics,signal transduction mechanism of bitter taste receptors,and the effects of bitters and bitter taste inhibitors on bitter taste receptors were briefly reviewed.%苦味受体(bitter taste receptors,TAS2 Rs)是一种G-蛋白偶联受体(GPCR),由30个基因组成的基因家族编码.苦味可使动物远离有毒有害物质,当动物尝到苦味物质时,会刺激舌头的味蕾中味觉受体细胞表达TAS2Rs,进而引发下游一系列信号转导反应,最终通过鼓索神经和舌咽神经将信息整合传到大脑,使动物产生厌恶的感觉,从而选择拒绝摄入这些苦味物质.本文就TAS2Rs的生物学特征、信号转导机制及苦味剂和苦味抑制剂对苦味受体的影响进行简要综述.