开食料中不同中性洗涤纤维水平对犊牛屠宰性能、器官指数及复胃发育的影响

摘要

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of starters with different neutral detergent fi-ber ( NDF) levels on slaughter traits, organ indexes and development of stomachus compositus of dairy calves. Sixty newborn dairy calves (24 females and 36 males) with similar birth weight [(42.0±2.5) kg] and enough colostrum supplemented were randomly assigned to four groups with 9 male and 6 female calves each group. All calves were weaned at 70 days of age. Groups A, B, C, and D were fed one of the four starters with NDF levels ( measured values) of 12. 85％, 19. 91％, 26. 99％, and 34. 04％, respectively. The experiment lasted for 112 days. The results showed as follows:body weight gain in group B was significantly higher than those in groups C and D (P<0.05). Dressing percentage and net meat rate in group B were significantly higher than those in group D ( P<0.05) . Group B also had higher carcass weight, ratio of meat to bone and meat percent-age of carcass compared with the other three groups, but the differences were not significant ( P>0.05);about the development of stomachus compositus, rumen weight percentage of stomachus compositus total weight and reticulum weight percentage of stomachus compositus total weight were significantly higher in group B than in group D ( P<0.05) , while omasum weight percentage of stomachus compositus total weight was significantly higher in group D than in group A ( P<0.05);groups A and B had significantly higher pH in rumen compared with groups C and D ( P<0.05) . In conclusion, starter with 19.91％ NDF for dairy calves at 15 to 112 days of age can improve the body weight gain, slaughter traits, and promote the development of organs and gastroin-testinal tracts.%本试验旨在探索开食料中不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平对犊牛屠宰性能、器官指数及复胃发育的影响.选用初生重[(42.0±2.5)kg]相近、饲喂足量初乳的1～3日龄中国荷斯坦犊牛60头(其中公犊牛36头、母犊牛24头),随机分为4组,每组9头公犊牛、6头母犊牛,70日龄断奶.15日龄开始A、B、C和D组饲喂NDF水平实测值分别为12.85％、19.91％、26.99％和34.04％的开食料.试验期112 d.结果表明:B组犊牛体增重显著高于C和D组(P<0.05);B组屠宰率和净肉率显著高于D组(P<0.05),胴体重、肉骨比、胴体出肉率也高于其他3组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);从复胃发育来看,B组瘤胃重占复胃总重比例和网胃重占复胃总重比例显著高于D组(P<0.05),D组瓣胃重占复胃总重比例显著高于A(P<0.05);A和B组瘤胃中pH显著高于C和D组(P<0.05).在本试验条件下,15～112日龄犊牛开食料中NDF水平为19.91％时,有助于提高犊牛体增重和屠宰性能,促进内脏器官及胃肠道的发育.