Nanopore technique is a low-cost tool for single-molecule level analysis without the need of label or amplification. The solid nanopores have been widely used in many fields such as chemistry and life sciences due to their advantages such as high stability, good tolerability, controllable size, and easy for modification. The solid nanopores commonly used in recent years are fabricated using two types of materials: membrane and tube. The membrane materials include silicon nitride, two-dimensional materials, aluminium oxide, and polymer membranes. The tube materials mainly include glass capillary and carbon nanotube. This review summarizes and prospects the research progress of different solid nanopores.%纳米孔分析技术是一种低成本、无需荧光标记和扩增的单分子检测技术,其中基于固体材料的纳米孔由于稳定性高、耐受性好、尺寸可控、易于修饰等优点,在化学和生命科学等领域得到广泛应用.固体纳米孔主要由薄膜和管材料两种类型材料制备,其中常见的薄膜纳米孔包括氮化硅、二维材料、氧化铝以及聚合物薄膜,管材料主要包括玻璃毛细管和碳纳米管.本文总结了固体纳米孔分析技术的研究进展,展望了发展前景.
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