上海市西南部气传致敏真菌消长规律

摘要

Objective To investigate the species, amount and seasonal distribution of airbome fungi spores and the effect of meteorological factors on airborne fungal spores in Shanghai southwestern area. Methods Daily airborne fungi spores monituring was performed by Gravitional method, and meterological data was collected. Alternaria isolated and incubated in various temperatures. Results Airborne fungal spores existed in Shanghai southwestern area druing whole year. The number of daily fungal spores was mighest in May and June and louest in December, January and February. A total of 5 602 fungal spores were collected,Alternaria (number of spores and percentage respectively: 2 669, 47.6％) and Negrospora (1 439, 25.7％) ,Stemphylium (215, 3.8％), Fusarium (199, 3.6％) , Corynespora cassiicola (166, 3.0％) , Curvularia (132, 2.4％), Epicoccum (125, 2.2％), Cladosporium macrocarpum Preuss (122, 2.2％), Ceveospora (112, 2.0％), Helminthosporium halodes (110, 2.0％). The partial correlations were analysed between the number of fungal spores and meteorological factors, including temperature (partial correlation coefficient:0.388, P ＜ 0.001) , weather condition (-0.152, P=0.006) , wind direction (0.102, P=0.063) , humidity (0.053, P= 0.337) and wind velocity (0.051, P= 0.352). The dominant fungi, Alternaria was isolated firstly and incubated under various temperatures the diameters of the colonies were: 12.5 mm (4℃), 14 mm (10℃), 31.5 mm (15℃), 43 mm (20℃), 63 mm (25℃), 63 mm (30℃), 33.5 mm (35℃), 3.5 mm (40℃)temperature was the main respectively. Conclusions Alternaria and Negrospora were the dominant fungal species in Shanghai southwestern area. Influential factor of airborne fungi spores was associated mainly with temperature. The optimal incubate temperature was between 25℃ to 30℃ for Alternaria. Besides of that weather shown a significant correlation with the number of airborne fungal spores.%目的 研究上海市全年大气真菌孢子的数量变化规律及其与气象因素之间的关系.方法 使用重力沉降法(曝片法)收集真菌孢子,记录气象参数,取得数据录人计算机,使用SPSS软件包和Excel 2010进行统计学分析.将曝片中发现的优势菌种交链孢霉分离,置于不同温度下培养,使用Excel 2010分析其生长与温度之间的关系.结果 上海市西南部地区空气中全年都有真菌孢子飘散,5和6月份日均观察到的气传真菌孢子数目最多,12、1和2月份最少.全年曝片共收集到真菌孢子5 602个,其中交链孢霉(Alternaria)2 669个(47.6%)、黑孢子菌(Negrospora Sphoric)1 439个(25.7%)、匍柄霉(Stemphylium)215个(3.8%)、镰刀菌(Fusarium)199个(3.6%)、棒孢霉(Corynespom cassiicola)166个(3.0%)、弯孢霉(Curvularia)132个(2.4%)、附球菌(Epicoccum)125个(2.2%)、大孢枝孢霉(Cladosporium macrocarpum Preuss)122个(2.2%)、尾孢霉(Ceveospora)112个(2.0%)、蠕孢霉(Helminthosporium halodes)110个(2.0%)等.空气中真菌孢子数量与气象因素的偏相关性分析结果为:温度的偏相关系数为0.388,P<0.001;天气情况为-0.152,P=0.006;风向为0.102,P=0.063;湿度为0.053,P=0.337;风力为0.051,P=0.352.对优势菌种交链孢霉进行分离培养,交链孢霉在不同温度下培养8 d后的菌落直径分别为:12.5 mm(4℃),14mm(10℃),31.5 mm(15℃),43 mm(20℃),63 mm(25℃),63 mm(30℃),33.5 mm(35℃),3.5mm(40℃).结论 交链孢霉和黑孢子菌是上海市西南部空气中的优势菌种.温度是与空气中真菌数量相关性最大的因素.25～30℃可能为交链孢霉以及大部分气传真菌的生长最适温度.天气状况也与气传真菌孢子数量有显著的相关性,而其他气象因素,如湿度、风向、风力与空气中真菌数量无显著相关性.