急性白血病患者医院感染危险因素分析及防控措施探讨

摘要

目的 分析急性白血病(AL)患者医院感染特点,探讨降低其医院感染发病率的防控措施.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,对2008年3月-2011年2月在血液科住院的462例急性白血病患者的临床资料进行统计分析.结果 急性白血病患者的感染率为29.87%,例次感染率为38.74%;感染部位中呼吸道占首位,为51.39%;感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占51.75%,革兰阳性菌占29.37%,真菌占18.88%.结论 急性白血病患者是医院感染的易感人群,感染与患者年龄、住院时间、化疗、粒细胞绝对计数等因素有关,采取有效的防控措施,可以降低医院感染发生率.%Objective To analyze the characteristics of nosocomial infection in patients with acute leukemia ( AL ) and to explore the measures of prevention and control to lower the incidence. Methods The retrospective investigation method was used to conduct statistical analysis of the clinical data of 462 AL inpatients in the hematology department of our hospital from March 2008 to February 2011. Results The nosocomial infection rate was 29. 87% in the AL inpatients, and the infection rate of instance time was 38. 74% . The respiratory track was the first position to be infected, accounting for 51. 39% . The Gram - negative bacteria were the main pathogens, accounting for 51. 75% , and the Gram - positive bacteria for 29. 37% and the fungi for 18. 88% . Conclusion The AL inpatients are the susceptible population in nosocomial infection. The infection is associated with the patient's age, hospitalized time, chemotherapy, and absolute neutrophil count. The efficacious measures for prevention and control can lower the nosocomial infection rate.