肾动脉计算机断层摄影术成像意外检出自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层12例分析

摘要

目的：探讨高血压患者肾动脉双源计算机断层摄影术（CT）图像上意外检出自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层（SISMAD）的特征，提高对该病的认识。方法：2010-03至2015-04临床怀疑继发性高血压并接受肾动脉双源 CT 检查的4107例患者，意外检出 SISMAD 12例，其中3例有轻微腹痛，余患者无明显腹部症状，记录夹层的位置、累及范围、真假双腔、剥离内膜片、分支是否受累和肠壁是否增厚、水肿及肠梗阻等。结果：12例 SISMAD 患者均为 CT 意外发现，约占0.3%。肾动脉双源 CT 轴位图像结合后处理技术均可清晰显示SISMAD 内膜破口、真假双腔、剥离内膜片、分支均起自真腔。根据 Sakamoto 分型，12例患者均属于 I 型，假腔近端及远端各有一处破裂口，假腔内无充盈缺损。夹层破口位置与腹主动脉开口的距离为（26.7±11.3）mm，累及范围为（35.1±11.7）mm。夹层动脉瘤样扩张10例，扩张血管内径（11.9±2.5）mm。结论：肾动脉 CT 图像上 SISMAD 的意外检出率为0.3%，每一个影像医师都应该利用常规肾动脉 CT 图像评价患者是否存在肠系膜上动脉夹层。%Objective: To study the features of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (SISMAD) by unexpected detection of renal artery dual-source CT (DSCT) imaging in hypertension patients. Methods: A total of 4107 patients with suspected secondary hypertension received renal artery DSCT examination in our hospital from 2010-03 to 2015-04 were studied and SISMAD was unexpectedly found in 12 patients. There were 3 patients with mild abdominal pain and the rest without obvious abdominal symptoms. The position and length, true and false lumens, detached tunica intimal flap and branch involvement of dissection, intestinal wall edema and ileus were recorded. Results: SISMAD in all 12 (0.3%) patients were found unexpectedly. Axial CT with post-processing technique clearly displayed the ruptured tunica intimal orifice, true and false lumens, detached intimal flap; the branches were all originated from true lumen. According to Sakamoto classification, all 12 patients were belong to Type I as the true and false lumens were with an entry and re-entry respectively, no filling defect in false lumen. The distance from orifice of dissection to root of abdominal aorta was (26.7 ± 11.3) mm and the length of dissection was (35.1 ± 11.7) mm.There were 10 patients with aneurysmal expansion with the diameter of (11.9 ± 2.5) mm. Conclusion: Unexpected detection of SISMAD by renal artery CT imaging was about 0.3%, radiologist should pay special attention to find superior mesenteric artery dissection in hypertension patients.