ICPSR科学数据中心的建设经验与启示

摘要

科学数据中心是科学数据管理的重要载体之一.在当前大数据和数据驱动科学研究范式的信息化时代,我国在科学数据中心建设上发展迅速但缺乏经验,迫切需要了解和借鉴发达国家的科学数据中心建设方面的先进理念和做法,促进我国的科学数据管理.从网络调研、文献跟踪、实地访谈等方法,对在人文社会科学领域科学数据中心建设方面极具代表性的美国密西根大学的大学间政治社会研究联盟开展调研,从组织机制、政策标准、数据获取、数据归档、数据认证、数据引用和数据服务等方面对其进行了详细阐述并总结其建设经验.进一步结合我国科学数据中心数据管理现状,给出我国数据中心发展的启示,预期为我国学科领域的科学数据中心建设、数据管理和国际化发展等方面提供参考和借鉴.%Scientific data center is one of the important carriers of scientific data management and its construction methods include state data center model by top-down and disciplines distribution science data center model by bottom-up. In the information age of big data and data-driven scientific research paradigm, china develops rapidly but lacks experience in the construction of scientific data center, therefore In order to promote the management of scientific data in China, it is urgent to understand and draw lessons from the advanced concepts and practices of scientific data center construction in developed countries. The University of Michigan's Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) has conducted long-term social survey data accumulation, with years of Social Science Variables Database. It is highly representative of the construction of scientific data centers in the field of humanities and social sciences. In this paper, the ICPSR is elaborated and summarized from the aspects of organization and mechanism, policy and standard, data acquisition, data archiving, data authentication, data referencing and data services, through network research, document tracking and field interview. Combining with the status of data management of domestic scientific data center, the paper presents some suggestions for the development of Chinese scientific data center, and is expected to provide reference for scientific data center construction, data management and international development in various disciplinary fields.