提单下的契约自由——相关国际立法的发展和中国法中的一个特殊问题

摘要

In the last century,the international shipping circle has witnessed the development of legislative control,at the international level,of the use or abuse of freedom of contract under bills of lading.Such international legislative control is mainly contained in three co-existing conventions,i.e.,the Hague Rules,the Hague-Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules,followed recently by the Rotterdam Rules which are still not yet in force.This paper is a brief account of such a development,together with a snapshot of a particularly relevant issue under Chinese law.%在过去的一个世纪里,国际航运界在国际层面上关于使用或滥用提单下契约自由的相关法规管制得到了发展.这些国际法规管制主要包含三个共存的公约,即《海牙规则》、《海牙维斯比规则》和《汉堡规则》,以及最近通过、但尚未生效的《鹿特丹规则》.本文概述了这一发展历程,并简单介绍了国内法中的一个特别相关问题.