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基于供需视角的中国矿产资源国际贸易格局分析

     

摘要

本文以中国矿产资源的总体供需形势(净进口矿种偏多,矿产资源对外依存度偏高)为基础,通过对2015年中国33个主要矿产品相关贸易数据系统分析,剖析了中国目前矿产资源贸易现状.同时,把中国矿产资源贸易市场划为亚洲、欧洲、非洲、北美洲、南美洲和大洋洲六大区域,对相关矿产品各贸易市场分布情况进行分析.结果表明,中国各类矿产品全球进口区域集中度较高,不利于中国矿产品供应安全;矿产品的出口大都为中国的优势矿产,出口区域集中于北半球,出口国家多依赖日本、韩国和欧美发达国家;中国战略矿产品出口过量,不利于战略新兴产业的战略补益.同时,提出了拓宽进口渠道加强与"一带一路"沿线国贸易合作,降低出口对发达国家的依赖,对重要出口型矿产进行收储的建议.本文对国家相关部门及企业总体掌握我国矿产资源贸易格局提供支撑,对国家矿产资源进出口贸易战略规划具有参考.%Based on the overall supply and demand situation of China's mineral resources,this paper analyzed the present situation of mineral resources trade in China according to the relevant trade data of 33 major minerals and the trade data of the relevant trading countries.At the same time,this paper divided the Chinese mineral resources trade market into six regions:Asia,Europe,Africa,North America,South America and Oceania,and then analyzed the layout of related minerals in these trade markets.The study found that China's import areas of mineral products are in high concentration,and this situation is not conducive to China's mineral supply security.The mineral exports of China are mostly the dominant minerals.The export areas of these mineral products are concentrated in the northern hemisphere (Asia,Europe and North America),and the major export countries are Japan,Korea,and the USA.China's over-export of strategic mineral products is not conducive to the benefits of emerging strategic industries.Meanwhile,this paper suggested to strengthen import trade cooperation with the countries along the line of 'The Belt and Road',to reduce the dependence on exports to developed countries,and to store up some certain important export-oriented minerals.This study is of great significance for the relevant departments and enterprises to master the pattern of mineral resources trade in China.It can provide references for the national strategic planning of import and export of mineral resources.

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