中、美、澳铝产业竞争力对比:基于AHP和灰色关联分析法

摘要

本文在初步判断全球主要国家铝产业发展现状基础上,构建了专门针对铝产业竞争力的评价指标体系,运用层次分析法(AHP)与灰色关联度评价法从资源禀赋、产业状况、技术及创新、外部影响四方面对中、美、澳三国铝产业进行对比分析.结果显示:铝资源供需、储量、产业规模、科研环境等因素对铝产业国际竞争力影响最大,经济发展等因素对竞争力评价的影响最小;国家铝产业国际竞争力排名依次为澳大利亚、中国、美国.分析得出,我国铝产业在技术、环境、政策等领域发展仍有差距,未来应当通过提升技术及创新、优化产业政策等方式来提升铝产业竞争力.%On the basis of judgment by the development of aluminum industry in major global countries,the evaluation index system for the competitiveness of the aluminum industry is conducted.Using grey relational analysis,this paper conducts a comparative analysis on bauxite industry between China and USA,Australia from the aspects of resource endowment,industry status,technology and innovation and external environment.The results show that the influence of aluminum resources supply and demand,reserves,industrial scale and scientific environment has the greatest impact on the international competitiveness of aluminum industry.The economic development and other factors have the least impact on the evaluation of competitiveness.The international competitiveness of aluminum industry is ranked in descending order:Australia,China,USA.The international competitiveness of China's aluminum industry still have gaps in the field of scientific research,environment and policy.China should improve technology and innovation,optimizing industrial policies to enhance the competitiveness of aluminum industry.